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A role of reptiles in the circulation of helminths is analysed. Reptiles serve as intermediate hosts for 11 species of trematodes and cestodes and as reservoir hosts for 56 species of trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalids. A participation of reptiles in the circulation of helminths and in the infection of definitive hosts is considered. The infection through reservoir hosts is assumed to be a phenomenon of secondary order stipulated by changes in the trophic links of animals and by changes in the composition of biocoenoses during their evolutionary development.

209 specimens of reptiles of 20 species were examined for the infection with Leishmania. In peripheral blood of six lizards (one specimen of Gymnodactylus caspius and five specimens of Agama caucasica) amastigotes of Leishmania were first found in the USSR.

A microsporidia, Issia globulifera sp. n., which has diplocaryotic stages during its whole developmental cycle and disporoblastic sporogony, is described. Spores are eggshaped, 3.6 x 2.4 µ in size. During sporogenesis at the hind pole of spores in the place of their contact a globule holding spores together is formed. Spores and globule are covered by a compact pansporoblastic membrane.

Three myxosporidean species of the genus Bipteria gen. nov. and four species of the genus Schulmania gen. nov. from Atlantic and Pacific fish species are described. The genus Bipteria is similar to Myxoproteus and differs from it in having two wing-like appendices on the front surface of the valves. The genus Schulmania is similar both to Myxoproteus and Bipteria; it differs from them in having keel-like membranes on the valves passing along the valve tops and sutural line. The new family Myxoproteidae is founded for the genera Myxoproteus, Bipteria, Schulmania. The genus Conispora Sankurathri, 1977 is considered to be the synonym of Myxoproteus Doflein, 1897.

Morphohystochemical study of host-parasite relationships after the infection of carp with Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis was conducted. It has been found out that the whole parasite's strobile comes into close contact with tissues of the mucous membrane of the carp's gut. The destruction of the gut's wall results from its digestion or lisis that is confirmed by high activity of acid phosphatase. Together with epithelium of the mucous membrane of the gut exodermis of the helminth takes an active part in the digestion that is proved by similar hystochemical processes.

According to literary data a cadastre-reference map of the distribution area of Dermacentor pictus in the USSR was compiled. The border of the area was determined by means of the indication method on the distribution of vegetative formations favourable for the development of D. pictus.

Sexual transmission of tick-borne encephalitis virus from infected ixodid males to noninfected females is shown: in Ixodes persulcatus in 50% (6 of 12) and in Hyalomma anatolicum in 6.2% (1 of 16). The sexual transmission of tickborne encephalitis virus is shown to provide a transmissible transfer of the virus into eggs in ixodid ticks. Electron microscope studies of the sexual system of ixodid males infected with the virus have revealed numerous morphologically mature virus particles in lumens of endoplasmic reticulum, in vacuoles of Golgi complex of spermatocytes and in association with tubular elements of spermatids.

Ultrafine structure of the intestine of L. cervi and H. longipennis, despite different types of parasitism of these species, has no essential differences. The polarity of epithelial cells, the apical parts of which are represented by microvilli and basal ones are transformed into system of invaginations of plasmatic membrane, is quite distinct. The cells have one or two nuclei and change their shape depending on the physiological state of the fly. In hungry individuals they are cylinder-shaped and in engorged ones — clavate. The clavate cells are characterized by lipoid inclusions in the form of numerous granules. The excretion of digestive ferments proceeds in the same way as merocrine, macro- and microapocrine ones. Peritrophic membrane was not found neither in hungry nor in engorged individuals.

A rare case of sympatric existence of two subspecies of Ch. caecutiens is described in literature. The author carried out comparative studies of karyotypes, protein fractions and morphology of larvae of these forms. On the basis of differences established the south form is given a distinct status of species, Ch. ludens Lw.

Variability of spores of Zschokkella nova found in the gallbladder of Alburnus alburnus, Rutilus rutilus and Abramis brama has been studied. The dry substance quantity in spores was measured with the help of interferens misroscope BIOLAR. This is a changeable index: spores from Alburnus alburnus are more weighty than those from Rutilus rutilus and Abramis brama. Two populations of Zsch. nova have been determined. Dry substance quantity in spores was constant within a population.

A new species of trematodes Tubulovesicula alviga sp. n. (fam. Hemiuridae) from Вrotula barbata (fam. Brotulidae) is described. A representative of this genus of trematodes is recovered in this host for the first time.

A new subspecies, Sternostoma cuculorum korolevae subsp. n., from the nasal cavity of Cuculus sp. of the Altai Territory is described. The subspecies differs from S. cuculorum Fain, 1956 from South Africa in chaetotaxy of the dorsal side of idiosoma.

A study of the fauna and ecology of tabanids of the Vologda region was first conducted. 29 species of 6 genera were found as follows: Chrysops, Tabanus, Atylotus, Hybomitra, Heptatoma, Haematopota. Best studied ecologically is seasonal and daily activity of tabanids.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.