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Experimental infection of H. asiaticum and O. papillipes with Coxiella burneti and R. (D.) sibericus in different succession and individual study of these arthropods by means of the fluorescent antibodies method, ordinary microscopy and titration on laboratory animals have revealed an ambiguous outcome of the development of combined rickettsial infection in these ticks. The first agent obtained by the vector either prevents utterly the reproduction of the heterological agent or inhibits its activity. At the concurrent infection of the ticks with two species of rickettsiae the reproduction of the both agents takes place but against a background of intersuppression of their reproduction. The development of the combined rickettsial infection in ticks is an example of "irregular competition" of species as one of the types of competitive relationships.

Experimentally infected fleas of X. cheopis are capable of preserving two strains of Y. enterocolitica. One of the strains was found to belong to the 3rd, the other to the 9th serotype. The both strains actively multiplied and accumulated in great amount (up to several millions of microbal cells) in ectoparasites which were maintained at 6 to 8° C. At a temperature of 18 to 21° С some part of fleas gradually became free from the agent that was favoured by their periodical feeding or constant maintenance on the host. In insects infected with the strain of the 3rd serotype the decrease of the infected individuals carried out quicker and was accompanied by the reduction in the number of microbes. The strain of the 9th serotype preserved more steadily and was found in many individuals in amount exceeding the initial level.

The proventriculus of the flea X. cheopis was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The external surface of the proventriculus is a rigid structure with an alveolate surface ("wasp nest") formed by muscular cords. The internal surface of the proventriculus is represented by numerous acanthae which fall close together. They have a shape of bent dens with longitudinal sharply angular edges and concave spaces between them. Some edges are crenate.

2606 gerbils of four species from Tadgikistan were examined. On them there were found over 14 thousand sucking lice of 10 spesies, four of which are typical to gerbils. Hoplopleura merionidis Ferris is a mongolian-turkestan species, which in Central Asia parasitizes Meriones meridianus Pallas and M. unguiculatus Milne-Edw. and in Middle Asia — M. meridianus and M. erythrourus Gray, seldom M. tamariscinus Pallas. Polyplax chinensis Ferris, a parasite of M. meridianus, is a mongolian-turkestan species the distribution of which, apparently, corresponds to that of the host. P. paradoxa Johnson, a parasite of M. erythrourus, is an afro-asiatic species. P. opimi Sosnina, a parasite of Rhombomys opimus Lichtenstein, is apparently an asiatic species, the distribution of which is closely associated with the host's distribution area.

Species of black flies, which develop in abundance in water bodies of Lower Priamurje and are potentially capable of bloodsucking, have not been registered near the blood donors. Only a few number of species developing in water attack for bloodsucking that apparently depends on unfavourable conditions of the larval development. A part of emerging females do not possess sufficient nourishing resources for completion of their gonotrophic cycle and need an additional bloodsucking. Of 35 registered species (27 of them possess morphological devices for bloodsucking) only 11 species attack. 4 species (Byssodon maculata ussuriana, Gnus malyshevi albipes, G. pavlovskii, Prosimulium ex gr. hirtipes) are mass bloodsuckers.

The paper contains descriptions and figures of three species of parasitic Copepoda from the Pacific Ocean: Markevitchielinus anchoratus Titar, 1975 from the gill cavity of Hemipterus villosus, Haemobaphes pannosus sp. n. from the gill cavity of Pholidopus dybowskii and Clavella zini sp. n. from Macrurus rudis (Kermadec Islands).

A description of two new species of parasitic isopodes of the genus Cymothoa Fabricius, 1787 found in Carangidae from the coastal regions of Australia is given.

In the intestines of 8 adult specimens of Phoenicopterus roseus Pall. from Lake Tengiz (Central Kazakhstan) there were found cestodes of Gynandrotaenia stammeri Fuhrmann, 1936 (Acoleata), the infection rate being 1 to 12 specimens per a bird. Artemia salina (Branchiopoda) from the same waterbody were also infected (0.04%) with larvae of these cestodes. Figures and morphological description of adult cestodes as well as the first description of their larvae, cysticercoids, are given.

Starvation effects the structure and the character of deposits of glycogen, fat inclusions and the quantity of DNA and RNA in the digestive gland (liver) of the land mollusks Helicella candicans and Helicopsis instabilis to a greater extent than the infection of the organ with parthenites of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The starvation of infected mollusks increases the changes in the affected digestive gland.

For studying the dynamics of induction and disappearing of complement-fixing antibodies (CFA) specific to Trichomonas vaginalis, T. hominis and T. tenax we have immunized rabbits intravenously with live individuals of the protozoa as well as intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously with individuals killed at 56° C. Each method of immunization was carried out by 5 inoculations with intervals of 10 days. For carrying out quantitative complement fixation we have taken blood from the ear vein of all immunized rabbits immediately before the immunization and also after it, each 10th day during one year. The dynamics of rising and lowering of titres depended on the species of tricho-monads and on the method of immunization. The antigens of T. vaginalis and T. hominis induced CFA in much higher titres as antigens of T. tenax. Titres of CFA specific for all three species of above-mentioned trichomonads rose most rapidly and to the highest level when the immunization of rabbits was carried out intravenously with live individuals of protozoa. Normalization of the titres of CFA has taken place during one year at least.

8 new species of myxosporidians belonging to two genera, Palliatus gen. n. and Alataspora gen. n., were found in gall bladder of marine fishes from the Atlantic coastal waters of Africa. Alataspora gen. n. is regarded as a new family, Alatasporidae fam. n.

A laboratory infection of the larvae of punkies of the genus Culicoides and some species of other hydrobionts with Pleistophora culicoidi was carried out. The mortality of punkies after their infection ranged from 31 to 40%.

The assimilation of purine and pyrimidine bases, their nucleosides and orotic acid from the host cell by coccidian E. tenella was studied by means of radioactive precursors of DNA and RNA. It has been established that within their development and reproduction the parasites use selectively different precursors of DNA and RNA from the host cell. Coccidians use intensively the purine base ¹⁴C-adenine, assimilate negligibly the pyrimidine base ¹⁴C-uracil and nucleoside ¹⁴C-uridine and do not use at all ¹⁴C-thymidine and ¹⁴C-thymine. The coccidians were found to assimilate most intensively ¹⁴C-orotic acid, the lower precursor of pyrimidine bases.

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