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Year 1975, Volume 9, Issue 1
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The current state of knowledge of Trematoda and main aims of their investigation. P. 3-16.
The paper deals with the current state of knowledge of Trematoda, trends and aims of further investigations. Up to now the classification system of trematodes has been unsatisfactory though for several large groups it is elaborated with due regard to the biology and ecology of these worms. The main deficiency of the present-day taxonomy of trematodes consists in the existence of two separate classifications, for adult worms and for their larvae (cercariae). Among the existing systems the classification suggested by Odening (1960—1963) is of the greatest interest. We do not agree with his division of the class into three subclasses (including Aspidogastrea) and Diginea into two subclasses, "Sporocystoinei" and "Redioinei", but follow the composition of orders established by him. Great difficulties arise in establishing the characters, taxonomic criteria of trematodes. However, a number of characters can be suggested for differentiation of species and genera at various developmental stages. Deficiency in the taxonomy of these worms is due to a wrong evaluation of their characters and to the lack of common collection and treatment techniques. On describing species one should proceed, if possible, from the whole complex of morphological and biological peculiarities of different ontogenetic stages of the forms under study. A study of the ultrafine structure, hysto- and biochemistry of trematodes will enable us to associate better the morphology and the function of organs and to go deeper into the functional morphology and functional biochemistry. The main task of further investigations is closely connected with the elaboration of a natural system of Trematoda, a study of diverse and deep interrelations in the "parasite-host" system and with the development of scientific methods of control of pathogenic species on the biological basis.
in Russian
On the structure of eggs and larvae of some Diplozoon species. P. 17-27.
The paper deals with the data on morphology of eggs and larvae of D. markewitschi, D. homoion, D. paradoxum and D. rutili. Technique of hatching larvae and their impregnation by silver is discussed in detail. Schemes showing the position of ciliated cells and sensills are given. The studied species differ by the position, shape and relative size of ciliated cells and by the position of sensills. Constancy of number and groups of ciliated cells and sencills of the studied species is mentioned. A conclusion is made on the value of the data on morphology of eggs and larvae when carrying on taxonomic investigations.
in Russian
Histidine metabolism in Ascaris suum, Ascaridia galli, Fasciola hepatica. P. 28-30.
Studies were carried out of the histidine metabolism in Ascaris suum, Ascaridia galli and Fasciola hepatica in order to ascertain the transformation ways of this amino acid in helminths. Through the determination of histamine and the ferment histidine-ammonialiase in these helminths it has been shown that the principal transformation of wiokanine acid with the subsequent splitting of the imidazole ring.
in Russian
New data on the helminth fauna of Histriophoca fasciata Zimm. from the southern part of the Okhotsk Sea. P. 31-36.
15 species and 4 larval forms of helminths are recorde from 230 specimens of Histriophoca fasciata Zimm. caught in the southern part of the Okhotsk Sea. The cestodes Anophryocephalus skrjabini, Diplogonoporus tetrapterus, Pyramicocephalus phocarum, the acanthocephal Corynosoma villosum, the nematodes Anisakis simplex, Terranova decipiens, Otostrongylus circumlitus and Dipetalonema spirocauda are recorded from Histriophoca fasciata Zimm. for the first time. The age dynamics of invasional internsity and extensiveness as well as pathological and hystological changes in the hosts infected with helminths.
in Russian
On the role of high temperature in the life activity of some fish cestodes. P. 37-46.
Experimentally there was established an adaptation of adult cestodes of Bothriocephalus, Triaenophorus and larvae of Ligula to different ranges of high temperature. It is expressed in high lability of carbohydrate metabolism of cestodes and their considerable resistance to high temperature. At high temperature the life duration of cestodes depends first of all on the presence of nutrients which are the necessary condition for the adaptation of helminths to temperature. The life duration of fish cestodes decreases with increasing temperature and is in reverse relation to their metabolism.
in Russian
On some developmental peculiarities of nasal bot fly larvae of sheep, Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera, Oestridae). P. 47-56.
In order to find out factors affecting the presence of two generations of O. ovis in the southern parts of its distribution area there were conducted regular measurments of the body length of the Ist instar (3718 specimens) and weight of the IInd and IIId instar larvae (1460 specimens). These observations were carried out in two herds of sheep in low-lying and foothill zones of Aserbaijan. Statistical analysis has shown the following: a) the growth inhibition, which is especially distinct in autumn-spring generation, takes place in the Ist instar larvae 1.76—2.20 mm long inhabiting the walls of the nasal cavity and concha (their average body lenght at hatching is 1.08±0.004 mm); the inhibition is associated with interpopulation relations and apparently does not depend on the climatic factors; b) the duration of the growht inhibition does not depend on the date of its beginning and can last from 6 to 7 months; c) after the growth resumption the development continues uninterruptedly up to the moulting; the inhibition is also possible at the beginning of the 2nd instar and then the development proceeds without any intervals up to the complete maturation of larvae. The total number of the Ist instar larvae in the bot fly populations is two times higher than that of the IInd and IIId instars. This points to a high mortality of larvae during the Ist instar developmental period.
in Russian
Fleas from the nests of Alticola (Platycranius) strelzovi Kastsch. in the south-eastern Altai. P. 57-60.
In the Mountain-Altai natural nidus of plage the flat-skulled role and its fleas are of epidemiological importance since the animals settle in dwellings and are the carriers of the plague agent and their fleas (mass species) can feed on man. 19 species of fleas are recorded from the nests of the flat-skulled vole. Amphipsylla primaris primaris J. et R., which parasitizes many animals in the nidus, and Callopsylla gaiskii Vovhcin, a specific parasite of the flat-skulled vole, are the mass species. The abundance rate of fleas in the nests is rather high.
in Russian
On the possible identity of the mosquitoes, Aedes (Ochlerotatus) beklemishevi Denisova and A. (O.) barri Rueger (Diptera, Culicidae). P. 61-63.
To the author's opinion based on the available literature data, the mosquitoes Aedes beklemishevi Denisova, 1955, widely distributed in Eurasia and A. barri Rueger, 1958, spread in North America, are identical; the name of the latter is suggested to be synonym of the former due to the authors's priority. Thus A. beklemishevi is spread circumboreally, from Poland to the Pacific Coast of the USSR in Palaearctic and from Alaska to the Great American Lakes in Nearctic (geographical distribution of this specis of mosquito and its relation to the Circumboreal Sub-region of the Holarctic are shown in the map).
in Russian
The study of the feeding of Syringophilus bipectinatus Heller by means of C14. P. 64-67.
The feeding of S. bipectinatus parasitic in hens (white Russian breed) was studied by means of glycogen labelled with C14. It was established that syringophilids feed on the juice from tissues of the feather bursa by perforating the wall of the feather quill and piercing the proboscis into the tissue of the feather bursa.
in Russian
New species of the nest mites of the family Glycyphagidae (Acariformes) from the Far East of the USSR. P. 68-76.
The information of the fauna of acaroid mites, constant inhabitants of the nests of small mammals from the Far East, is very poor. The paper contains the description of three new species of the family Glycyphagidae as follows: Diamesoglyphus zachvatkini, D. hispidus and Gohieria faini from the nests of Pteromys volans L. and Eutamias sibiricus Laxm.
in Russian
The intensity of C14 inclusion into proteins of various organs of chickens during coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella. P. 77-81.
The biosynthesis intensity of proteins in the organs and tissues of chickens during coccidiosis caused by E. tenella was studied by means of C14-glycine. The increase of C14-glycine inclusion into proteins of the liver, pancreas, spleen, thymus, duodenum and appendix was established. A correlation was recognised between the biosynthesis intensity of proteins in the organs and tissues rich in cells of the reticuloendothelial system and the increase of gamma-globulins of the blood serum.
in Russian
Mechanisms of resistance of chemical substances in Coccidia. P. 82-91.
The formation of resistance to glycamide at different schemes of its application was studied on the cultures of E. tenella obtained from one oocyst. It was established that the rhythmical (in one and even two generations) application of a coccidiostatic substance does not hinder essentially the development of resistance to it. There was observed the transformation of sensory cells into resistant ones under the effect of summary DNA, summary RNA and the complex DNA—RNA. The production of transformants is higher when the complex DNA—RNA is used. Some possible mechanisms affecting the formation of resistance to glycamide are discussed. Resistant substrains show an increased (by 13 to 35%) reproduction of oocysts as compared to Coccidia sensitive to glycamide. No correlation was established between the resistance and per cent of sporulation of oocysts, between resistance and virulence.
in Russian
On two species of bloodsucking midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). P. 92-93.
The differences are given between Culicoides flavidorsum Shev. et Lis. found in the Primorje region and C. matsuzawai Tok. from Japan as well as the differences between C. dobyi Call. et Krem. distributed in the USSR and C. okumensis Arn. described from Japan.
in Russian
New species of infusoria of the genus Apiosoma from freshwater fishes of the USSR. P. 93-95.
The paper describes four new species of Apiosoma which have very interesting morphological peculiarities. Two of them are morphological variations in the group of cup-shaped Apiosoma with an elongated leg, the third species has a specific structure of the adhesive organ and the forth — a rather peculiar fungoid shape of the body unknown for Apiosoma.
in Russian
Book review 1. P. 96.
Summary is absent.
in Russian
Book review 2. P. 96-97.
Summary is absent.
in Russian
Chronicle. P. 98-99.
Summary is absent.
in Russian
Obituary. P. 100-101.
Summary is absent.
in Russian