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Summary is absent.

A relation between antigenic properties and virulence of Leishmania clones were studied. The clones were obtained from a naturally infected sandfly (Phlebotomus of the group caucasicus) caught in the burrow of great gerbil in Turkmenia. Antigenic properties of the clones were studied by means of Adler's test (Safjanova's modification); the virulence of the clones was studied on golden hamsters by means of standard technique. There was revealed heterogenicity of the Phlebotomus strain of Leishmania, in it there were found clones identical serologically to Leishmania donovani and L. major and a clone close in antigenic respect to Leptomonas pessoai. At the experimental infection of hamsters with a heterogenous Phlebotomus strain their mixed infection with the two above mentioned Leishmania species was first observed. Serologically identical Leishmania clones can differ essentially in their virulence. A high stability of antigenic properties of Leishmania clones has been revealed. At the same time the virulence of clones is characterized by variability as towards its increase (the passing of a clone on hamsters) so towards its fall (cultivation of a clone in vitro, on nutrient medium).

A possible effect of a new epidemic nidus «age» on the virulence of Leishmania was studied. For a period of 9 years 16 strains were isolated from man affected with leishmaniosis. Infectivity of all strains was high (100% infection of animals). The incubative period of the disease in animals was the shorter the more years passed from the moment of the nidus formation. Strains isolated within the first 4—5 years caused leishmaniosis in 2—3 months and those isolated during subsequent years — in 1 to 3 weeks.

A poorly studied species, Grubea cochlear Diesing, 1858 is redescribed and a representative of Paragrubea ariommae g. sp. n. is described. The specific composition of the genera Grubea and Neogrubea is revised. In the first genus only the typical species is accepted as valid while in the second one the typical species and N. soni Evdokimova, 1969 are accepted as valid. New taxonomic diagnoses of these genera and the subfamily Grubeinae are given. The subfamily Neogrubeinae Dillon et Hargis, 1968 should be eliminated.

6 species of the order Zeiformes from waters of Australia and New Zealand were examined. 19 species of trematodes were found in them of which Pseudolecithaster neocytti (Lecithasteridae) and Hudsonia pacifica (Zoogonidae) are new for science. Data on the fauna, localization and infection rate of fishes of the order Zeiformes with trematodes are given.

Morphology of larvae of nematodes of the genus Anisakis Dujardin, 1845 was studied. 260 larvae of this genus from 8 species of fishes of the Pacific, the Caspian and North Seas were examined with allowance for 7 characters. Larvae of anisakids of different types have no stable morphometric characters. There is a correlation between the body length of anisakid larvae and length of oesophagus, ventricle and to a lesser extent, caudal end. A new type of anisakid larvae, Anisakis type IA larvae, was isolated; the larvae, apparently, are larval forms of A. typica.

The acquired immunity was found to affect considerably warble flies during hypodermatosis of cattle. The intensity of infection and recurrence of the disease (the main factors affecting the intensity and duration of the acquired immunity) cause changes in the growth and development of larvae, their survival as well as in body mass and fecundity of adult warble flies (females).

According to collections from Zailijsky Alatau the sucking louse Hoplopleura acanthopus parasitizes the narrow-skulled vole Microtus gregalis. The sucking louse Polyplax borealis parasitizes the Tien-Shan vole Clethrionomys frater. Characteristics of the female, male, egg and larvae of three stages of P. borealis are given.

A detailed redescription of the type species of Ixodiphagus hirtus Nikolskaya, 1950, an endoparasite of the tick Ixodes persulcatus Sch., is given. The lectotype is selected and designated. The species is found only in the Khabarovsk and Primorye Territories (=Ussuri Land) of the Far East of the USSR. It is of great scientific and practical interest as possible object of introduction into the Western Palaearctics.

The effect of temperature on the arginase enzyme activity in Triaenophorus nodulosus and Diphyllobothrium latum was studied. The temperature optimum of arginase of T. nodulosus (definitive hosts are fishes) is at 27° while in D. latum it is at 57°. It has been inferred that a certain preadaptation of some enzyme properties (temperature optimum, thermostabolity) to a temperature regime of a definitive host takes place. Biochemical mechanisms of preadaptation of enzyme systems of helminths to temperature are discussed.

It has been first found out that Sorex caecutiens is a parathenic host of the nematode S. baturini Petrow, 1930. The size and morphological characters of the found larva correspond to those of the IIIrd stage larva from the definitive host on the 7—12th day of experimental infection. Apparently, the larva grows and develops for sometime in the parathenic host. The presence of a parathenic host in the developmental cycle of this nematode enlarges its possibilities to get into the organism of the definitive host.

37 species of birds belonging to the order Passeriformes were examined. On 18 species there were found representatives of Ornithomya chloropus, O. fringillina and Lipoptena fortisetosa. The index of abundance of O. chloropus was 11.6; two other species occurred singly. Motacilla cinerea, Turdus sibiricus and Muscicapa parva are first mentioned as hosts of O. chloropus.

In the Kazakh SSR were obtained positive results of experiments on the infection of larvae of A. caspius, U. unquiculata and A. aegypti with Tetrahymena stegomyiae. The results of the experiments were confirmed with hystological data. T. stegomyiae was found to cause the mortality of larvae of the above species that suggests its successful use in control of mosquitoes.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.