Архив выпусков

Ixodes pavlovskyi Pom. has a disjunctive area of distribution: its western part occupies Altai and adjoining from the north hills and mountains of South Siberia, and from the south — Tarbagatai. Its eastern part occupies hills and mountains in the basins of the Amur and Ussuri rivers. The distribution of I. pavlovskyi within the taiga zone coincides with that of vegetable relicts of broad-leaved forests of Pliocene which are absent from the places of disjunction in the area, in the south of East Siberia. The distribution area of I. pavlovskyi seems to attain its flourishing in the south of Siberia in Pliocene. In Pliocene due to cooling of the climate caused by glaciation broad-leaved forests were replaced by taiga ones within the greater part of the south of Siberia. The area of I. pavlovskyi was thus separated and fused with taiga. I. persulcatus Schulze occurs in the south part of the whole taiga zone. The range of its biotopic links with taiga is considerably wider than that of I. pavlovskyi.

The possibility is shown of artificial feeding of hungry and underfed adults and nymphs of Ixodes persulcatus through a capillary with a virus-containing suspension by means of a device invented by the author for dose feeding of insects. It was established that preliminary feeding of females stimulate their adhering to the host. From artificially infected females eggs were obtained. By means of this device it is possible to follow the dynamics of salivation, to investigate the saliva for the virus presence, to observe the defecation and to show the excretion of the absorbed virus with faeces.

A description of female and male specimens of Macronyssus barbastellinus sp. n., found on Barbastella barbastellus (Schreber) in Czechoslovakia and Moldavia (USSR) is given. The new species belongs to the crosbyi group after classification of Radovsky (1967).

It was established experimentally that virus Sindbis (strain A3—574) isolated in the Azerbaijan can be transmitted by Aedes aegypti L. to sucklings of white mice. The authors observed the mosquitoes' susceptibility to the virus and its reproduction and accumulation in their organism.

During moulting warble fly larvae increase their weight essentially on account of water accumulation in their organism. Before fallout the third instar larvae create a stock of energetic substances. Permanent stocks of them such as fats, were accumulated by larvae during the whole period of investigations. During moulting glycogen was spent almost completely and was accumulated by the end of the larval developmental period. Nitrogen and protein content increased considerably during moulting and intensive growth of the third instar larvae.

13 species of fleas (698 specimens) were collected from 1038 water voles in Middle Povolzhje. Of them, fleas Ceratophyllus walkeri Roths. and Ctenophthalmus wagneri Tifl. were found to be specific to these animals. Most diverse specific composition, high infestation rate and index of abundance of fleas are characteristic of flood plains of big rivers. In flood plains of small rivers, on islands and watersheds the number of species of fleas and indices of infestation are lower. The water vole exchanges fleas with twelve species of small mammals. Epidemiological danger of such contacts is reinforced in flood plains of big rivers where tularemia foci are concentrated.

2050 specimens of Siphonaptera (21 species) were collected from 2370 small mammals and 25 nests of Muridae in Volynskoye Polesje of the Ukraine. The following mass species occur on these animals: Ctenophthalmus agyrtes H., Ct. assimilis Т., Ct. uncinatus W., Ceratophyllus turbidus R., C. walkeri R., Leptopsylla (S.) silvatica M., L. bidentata K., Palaeopsylla simils D., P. sorecis D.

The reaction of posterior joints under the effect of preparations on scolex and the reaction of anterior joints under the effect on terminal proglottides have been studied kymographically on Moniezia benedeni (Moniez, 1879) and Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766. It was established that scolex and proglottides of cestodes possess N- and M-cholinereactive systems; N-parasympathomimetic substances excert pressor and M-parasympathomimetic substances depressor effect. When affecting on scolex and proglottides of cestodes catecholamines stimulate locomotor activity of strobila. Cestodes are little sensitive to seratonin. Processes of excitation and inhibition spread in the strobila from scolex via nerve cords. Excitation can spread in the opposite direction from posterior proglottides to the cephalic end. Processes of excitation and inhibition, which, manifest themselves as contraction waves throughout the strobila, appear in proglottides independently on the central nervous system. However, after the cutting of nerve cords the contraction wave does not extend further.

10 species of cestodes were found in 597 specimens of 16 species of fishes from the intertidal zone of West Kamchatka. Of fishes from the intertidal zone of the I^st bionomic type 54.5% were infected with cestodes; of those from littoral baths 1.2% were infected. Plerocercoids of the genus Diphyllobothrium were mostly often encountered (in 10 species of fishes from 16 examined). From the latter the authors separated three distinct species.

A description is given of 13 new species mainly of the genus Dactylogyrus from Hypophthalmichthys harmandi, Squaliobarbus curriculus, Spinibarbichthys denticulatus (12 species), Cirrhina molitorella (6 species) and Varicorhinus tonkinensis (2 species). These are the first reports about monogeneans from fresh waters of Indochina (beside Ha Ky, 1968 and Gussev, 1966).

The development and the structure of parthenogenetic generations of Haplometra cylindracea have been studied. The development of mother and daughter sporocysts includs two periods. During the first one the morphogenetic processes which take place in both generations are very similar. There are mainly the processes of multiplication and differentiation of soma cells. The second period, which is characterized by the concentrated multiplication of germinal cells and the formation of embryos, begins after the migration of sporocysts. The main difference between two generations of parthenites at that time is displayed in the mode of the structure of the germinal material: a special membranous network, in which lies the germinal cells and young embryos of mother sporocyst, and germinal mass of daughter sporocyst. The both types of organisation of germinal material are probably the special adaptation for a very prolonged production of the specimens of the next generation.

Integument of eight species of Acanthocephala were studied by means of histological and hystochemical methods. Integument is shown to consist of epicuticle, cuticle, three-layered syncitial hypoderm and, due to the absence of the digestive system and adaptation to parasitism, to fulfil new functions associated with trophy and metabolism. Integument is regarded as multifunctional formation since it virtually is the main somatic organ.

Larvae of the genus Culicoides infected with nematodes of the superfamily Mermitoidea were collected from their beeding sites in Tunkinskaya Hollow and the valley of the Irkut River of the Buryat ASSR. Maximum infection rate was 66.6%.

Two new species are described — Strelkovimermis pumila Rubzov sp. n. from the lake Seita of the Arkhangelsk district and Limnomermis stenocephala Rubzov sp. n. resembling L. ensicauda Dad. from the delta of the Danube.

The paper describes new species of nuttallia: Nuttallia frugilegica sp. n. from Corvus frugilegus, N. krylovi sp. n. from Upupa epops, N. rustica sp. n. from Hirundo rustica, N. kazachstanica sp. n. from Galerida cristata, N. mujunkumica sp. n. from Passer indicus, and N. emberizica sp. n. from Emberiza brunipes.

Experiments were carried out on the susceptibility of 16 species of lizards to the infection with leishmaniae and non-identified cultures of sand fly and reptile leptomonads. Experiments undertaken during 1964—1968 in Turkmenia have shown low susceptibility of reptiles examined to all used strains of flagellates, excluding reptile lepto-monads of rounded shape. These leptomonads differ morphologically from agents of leishmanioses. Susceptibility of some lizards to infection with leptomonads of man and warm-blooded animals can be regarded as an evidence of their possible participation in the origin and formation of natural nidi of leishmanioses.

The susceptibility of five species of black flies to trypanosomes of rock patridge was studied experimentally. In some black flies which fed on an infected bird there were found flagellates of leptomonad and trypanosome types in the midgut and rectum. The infection rate of black flies with this parasite amounted to 36% (e. g. in Obuchovia albella Rubz.). Trypanosomes were found on the 3^d to the 8^th day from the beginning of the experiment. The possible participation of black flies is suggested in the occurence of trypanosomes of rock patridge in Uzbekistan.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.