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Among all vectors of natural focal infections, fleas are the most active. In this respect, entomological and epizootological monitoring has always been of great importance. This article, based on the material collected from the Transcaucasian foothill natural plague focus, presents the results of a study of flea species diversity, the landscape and geographical area of their distribution. The goal of this work was to determine the diversity of flea species, their distribution and abundance based on the results of epizootological studies conducted in areas with different landscapes in the Transcaucasian foothill natural plague focus of Azerbaijan. The material for the study was obtained during epizootological studies and observations conducted in the spring and autumn seasons of 2020-2023. in the Transcaucasian foothill natural plague focus of Azerbaijan (Bozchol, Mil-Mugan, Eastern and Western Jeyranchel, Gobustan, Absheron, semi-deserts of Kilazi, Sitalchay). Collection, packaging, transportation, and marketing of the material were carried out on the basis of relevant biosafety rules and delivered for further study to the Special Dangerous Infections Control Center. In total, 61,087 nest tracks were examined, and 7,939 fleas were collected and delivered. The material was processed and identified in the laboratory in accordance with the current regulatory and methodological document on the safety of working with pathogenic biological agents (PBA) of pathogenicity groups I-IV. As a result of sample identification, the species composition of fleas was determined and grouped by geographical areas and landscapes. Research was also carried out (using the PCR method) for the presence of the plague causative agent - Yersinia pestis. According to the results of the study, it was found that, regardless of the biocenotic and climatic characteristics of individual sectors of the Transcaucasian foothill natural plague focus of Azerbaijan, there may be enough carriers of infectious diseases and their growth increases over the years. The frequency of occurrence of the prevailing genera of fleas - Xenopsylla and Nosopsyllus - depends on the natural and climatic conditions of the focus being studied. The analysis for the presence of the plague causative agent among all fleas caught and studied did not give positive results. For the timely detection of epizootics among wild rodents and bloodsuckers, it is important to conduct regular epizootic surveys in enzootic areas for plague.

The activity of proteases and subclasses of proteases in small intestines of the herring gull (Larus argentatus (Pontoppidan, 1763)) chicks were determined. Changes of the protease activity in chicks infested by cestodes Tetrabothrius erostris (Loennberg, 1889) (Cestoda: Tetrabothriidae), Microsomacanthus ductilus (Linton, 1927) (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), Wardium cirrosa (Krabbe, 1869) (Cestoda: Aploparaksidae), Arctotaenia tetrabothrioides (Loennberg, 1890) and Alcataenia larina (Krabbe, 1869) (Cestoda: Dilepididae) were studied. The activity of serine proteases decreased in the small intestine of gulls at the sites of cestode parasitism with high infestation values (M. ductilus in the proximal segment, W. cirrosa in the distal segment, A. tetrabothrioides, T. erostris and A. larina in the medial segment). The activity of cysteine proteases increased in the sites of localization of cestodes M. ductilus, W. cirrosa and A. larina. All the studied cestodes adsorbed proteases on the surface of the tegument, most of those were represented by serine proteases. Cestode homogenates of W. cirrosa, M. ductilus, A. tetrabothrioides, T. erostris and A. larina inhibited the activity of host proteases and the activity of commercial trypsin.

The helminth fauna of the Eurasian woodcock Scolopax rusticola was studied in the territory of Mordovia (European Russia) for the first time. Twenty-five specimens of waders were examined using the incomplete helminthological necropsy in April 2019, 2020, 2022. Nine helminth species were found in woodcocks: Lyperosomum alaudae, Scolopacitrema cubrensis, Anomotaenia clavigera, Fuhrmannolepis scolopacina, Aploparaksis pseudofilum, Dispharynx nasuta, Hadjelia truncata, Tetrameres dubia and Agamospirura macracanthis, juv. Among them the trematode L. alaudae, nematodes D. nasuta, H. truncata and A. macracanthis, juv. were recorded in S. rusticola for the first time. We provide morphological descriptions and photos of these parasites.

Sartoriana spinigera is an edible freshwater crab species that plays an important role as an intermediate host of Microphallus indicus and Paragonimus westermani. P. westermani, the lung fluke, has been reported from northeastern India bordering Bangladesh and other parts of India. Nonetheless the existence of P. westermani in Bangladesh is yet to investigate. Therefore, the objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of lung flukes in Bangladesh. During the survey, the metacercariae of food-borne trematodes were investigated from a total of 261 fresh-water crabs collected from different locations in Bangladesh. Only the metacercariae of M. indicus were recovered. The overall prevalence of M. indicus metacercariae was 26% with intensity of 1-63 per crab. The highest prevalence was recorded from Naogaon district (83.33%), followed by Sirajgonj (57.5%), Rajshahi (40%), Brahmanbaria (16%), Narsingdi (15%), Faridpur (10%), and Sunamgonj (7%). None of the crabs from Rangpur, Thakurgoan, Jashore, Meherpur, Magura, Barguna, Sylhet, Kishorgonj, Cox'sBazar, and Bandarban were infected. Among the water bodies, the highest number of infected crabs was found in the rivers (56%) followed by haor, canal, and ditches (5%). To the best of our knowledge, this study reports M. indicus for the first time from Bangladesh.

Ichthyoparasitological studies of fish caught in the Lyutoga River (southern Sakhalin) have been carried out. 12 species of fish were discovered, six of them were examined for the first time: Carassius gibelio, Hypomesus nipponensis, Salvelinus curilus, Gasterosteus sp., Eleginus gracilis, Megalocottus taeniopterus. According to the results of original research and literature data, 42 species and undefined forms of helminths were noted, including monogenes 6, cestodes 9, trematodes 14, scrapers 3, nematodes 10.

The first discovery of merocercoids of cestode Paradilepis scolecina (Rudolphi, 1819) in the Angara River, the basin of the The Yenisei River. Three merocercoids were found in the liver of roach Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758). The description and measurements of one of the discovered merocercoids are given.

Histological description of the location sites of Myxobolus pronini in the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) is given, together with the analysis of host-parasite relations. It was revealed that large spore masses surrounded by a connective tissue capsule are found in the body cavity. The development of vegetative forms of M. pronini begins in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas of the Prussian carp.

The parasite of the common squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris (L., 1758)) is the flea Monopsyllus sciurorum sciurorum (Schrank, 1803), it is found throughout Europe and Western Siberia, it parasitizes 70 species of hosts. Also, the mink flea is a big problem for fur farming in some European countries. We analyzed the species composition of hosts and the conditions of parasitism of M. s. sciurorum on minks in the fur breeding farm of «Savvatyevo» in the Tver region.

Summary is absent.