New data on horn morphology of the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blumenbach, 1799)Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 2010, 314(3): 333–342 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2010.314.3.333 Abstract Macro- and microstructure of the Woolly Rhinoceros nasal horn from the collection of the Ice Age Museum was studied. The horn strength and resistance to mechanical damage is provided by the specific structure and connection between unique keratin compartments of the horn, the filaments. The heterogeneous structure of the horn was revealed in the horizontal section at different points. The central part of the horn is denser and more resistant to fracture compared with the peripheral one, and its filaments are larger and stronger united. The complex system ensuring the safety and functionality of the horn is an adaptive feature of this species. Key words keratin, microstructure, horn, filaments, Woolly Rhinoceros Submitted February 26, 2010 · Accepted August 30, 2010 · Published September 25, 2010 References Гарутт В.Е., Метельцева Е.П. и Тихомиров Б.А. 1970. Новые данные о пище шерстистого носорога в Сибири. В кн.: Северный Ледовитый океан и его побережье в кайнозое. Гидрометеоиздат, Ленинград: 113–125. Гарутт Н.В. 1995. Новые данные о строении рога шерстистого носорога Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799). Цитология, 37(7): 608–609. Гарутт Н.В. 1998. Новые данные о рогах шерстистого носорога. В кн.: Лазарев П.А., Боескоров Г.Г., Томская А.И., Гарутт Н.В., Васильев Е.М., Каспаров А.К. и Родионов Г.Н. Млекопитающие антропогена Якутии. ЯНЦ СО РАН, Якутск: 97–116. Гарутт Н.В. 2001. К истории изучения шерстистого носорога Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799). В кн.: А.Ю. Розанов (Ред.). Мамонт и его окружение: 200 лет изучения. ГЕОС, Москва: 22–33. Соколов В.Е., Скурат Л.Н., Степанова Л.В. и Шабадаш С.А. 1988. Руководство по изучению кожного покрова млекопитающих. Наука, Москва, 280 с. Чернова О.Ф., Шер А.В. и Гарутт Н.В. 1998. Морфология рогов шерстистого носорога (Coelodonta antiquitatis). Зоологический журнал, 77(1): 66–79. Brandt J.F. 1849. Die Rhinocerotis antiquitatis, seu tichorhini, seu Pallasii structura externa er osteologica observationes, e reliquiis, quae in museis Petropolitanis servantur erutae. Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Péterbourg, Sixième série: Sciences naturalles, 5: 161–416, pl. I–XXV. Chauvet J.-M., Deschamps E.B. and Hillaire Ch. 1995. La grotte Chauvet. Ά Vallon-Pont-d’Arc. Postface de Jean Clottes. Seuil. Sygma Production, 120 p. Earland C., Blakey P.R. and Stell J.G.P. 1962. Molecular orientation of some keratins. Nature, 196(4861): 1287. https://doi.org/10.1038/1961287a0 Eichwald E. 1835. De pecorum et pachydermorum reliquiis fossilibus, in Lithuania, Volhynia et Podolia repertis. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlichen Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie der Naturforscher, 17(2): 677–760. Fortelius M. 1983. The morphology and paleobiological significance of the horns of Coelodonta antiquitatis (Mammalia: Rhinoceratidae). Journal of Vertebrae Paleontology, 3(2): 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1983.10011964 Garutt N.W. 1998. Neue Angaben über die Hörner des Fellnashorns Coelodonta antiquitatis. Deinsea, 4: 25–39. Hieronimus T.L., Witner L. and Ridgely R. 2006. Structure of White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) horn investigated by X-ray computed tomography and histology with implications for growth and external form. Journal of Morphology, 267: 1172–1176. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10465 Hillman-Smith A.K.K., Owen-Smith N., Anderson J.L., Hall-Martin A.J. and Selaladi J.P. 1986. Age estimation of the White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). Journal of Zoology, A, 210: 355–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03639.x Pallas P.S. 1769. De ossibus Sibiriae fossilibus craniis praesertium rhinocerontum atquebuffalorum, observationes. Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, 13: 436–477. Ryder M.L. 1962. Structure of rhinoceros horn. Nature, 193(4821): 1199–1201. https://doi.org/10.1038/1931199a0 Tombolato L., Novitskaya E., Po-Yu Chen, Sheppard F. and McKittrick J. 2010. Microstructure, elastic properties and deformation mechanisms of horn keratin. Acta Biomaterialia, 6: 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.06.033
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