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The morphology of four temnocephalid species was studied. Those are two parasitic species Scutariella georgica and Troglocaridicola mrazeki, one commensal species Temnocephala semperi and one free-living species Pseudograffilla arenicola. The obtained data demonstrate that the transition to parasitism is accompanied by a morphological complication of nearly all systems of organs, especially of the muscular, excretory and nervous ones. Parasitic classes of platyhelminthes have a number of morphological characters similar to those of the parasitic and commensal temnocephalids, thus showing a more complicated organisation in comparison to their supposed ancestors, Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela. A low degree of organization is suggested to account for the progressive character of the morphological alterations accompanying the transition to parasitism in the Platyhelminthes.

219 predatory mammals (12 wolves, 114 jackals, 40 foxes, 53 jungle cats and 27 badgers) were studied by means of helminthological methods. 17 species of helminths belonging to 4 classes were found. The infection of wolves accounted for 41.7%, that of jackals for 36.9%, that of foxes for 61.5% and that of jungle cats for 100%. Trichinellosis was reported from wolf (12.5%), jackal (20.4%), foxes (20.5%), badger (25.9%) and jungle cat (20.5%). The infection with Dracunculus medinensis was registered in jungle cats. The consumption of vegetative food by predators decreases the intensity of their infection with intestinal helminths.

Four new species of the genus Dactylogyrus are described, of which D. papillus was found in the ovipositor of Rhodeus sericeus. The descriptions and figures of five species found for the first time in the USSR are given. The first finding of D. ramulosus in the basin of the Amur river is noted.

Analysis of the variability of chitinoid formations was run in three groups (age of hosts is 0+, 1+, 2+) and in the united sampling of monogeneans (130 specimens) by six characters on the basis of five statistic values. The three groups of parasites differ confidentially from each other. The character not connected with the adhesion (the copulative organ) shows a normal distribution in the united sampling unlike the character associated with the adhesion (anchors) and possessing adaptive variability. This indicates to the existence of united species with adaptive forms. The length of anchors can be expected to change adaptively depending on the size of the respiratory fold of gills into which the anchors pierce while the length of the worm's body depends on the food volume which a parasite can consume, i. e. on the size of the fish as a whole. Inversely proportional dependence between the size of the copulative organ and interval between male's genital opening and external opening of ootype was noted. This eliminates the possibility of self-fertilisation through the ootype.

Changes of the Baical seal infection with the most abundant parasite Contracaecum osculatum baicalensis in different years depending on the animal age and sex have been analysed. The studies revealed the tardation of total weight and the weight of the seal's skin with hypodermic fat at the average infection intensity by 23 per cent as compared to the minimally infected animals.

Morphology of 124 larvae of the nematode A. schupakovi Mosgovoy, 1951 from five species of fishes of the Caspian Sea with regard for ten characters has been studied. The study was carried out by means of variation statistical methods. It has been established that stable morphometric characters and notable hostale variability are missing in these larvae. A correlation has been found between the body length of A. schupakovi larvae and the length of oesophagus, ventricle and to some extent of the caudal end.

A review of all groups of Peritricha Sessilina living on fishes is given. The article concerns an adaptation of Peritricha to the life on fishes, most quick and mobile aquatic animals. It has been concluded that the adaptations of Peritricha Sessilina from fishes are directed to the maximum strengthening of the adhesion of Infusoria to the host. It can be attained by different ways: the loss of the stem (Apiosoma), the dilation of the foot (Apiosoma, Ambiphrya), the formation of amplectant rings and outgrowthes (Epistylis lwoffi, Caliperia, Clausophrya). It has been shown that both commensal (Epistylis) and parasitic (Apiosoma, probably Ambiphrya) relations are set up between Peritricha sessilina and fishes. However whatever the nature of relationships Peritricha Sessilina causes diseases in fishes disturbing the growth and functioning of the epithelial cells in the place of adhesion. The distinction of the genus Ambiphrya Raabe in the limits of the family Scyphidiidae is confirmed.

Data are given on the infection of Lota lota L. from lake Vrevo and Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus natio ladogensis Berg from lake Ladoga with Pleistophora ladogensis, parasitic in cross-striated muscles of these fishes. Within five years the infection of L. lota varied in the limits of 32 to 50%. Reproductive stages of the parasite were observed during all seasons. The infection of O. eperlanus was relatively low (5 to 8%). The development of the parasite in the host was distinctly adapted to a definite season. In both species of fishes the infection intensity increased with the increasing of body length.

Intestines of IVth stage larvae of mass species of bloodsucking mosquitoes from the zone affected by the Kakhovsk water reservoir have been studied. As a result it has been established that the main components of their food are algae, detritus, mineral particles and remains of zooplankton. A leading role of algae in the feeding of larvae has been shown as well as differences in the feeding of bottom larvae of Mansonia richardii.

32 species of mosquitoes are reported from Middle Sykhote-Alyn, which form six ecological and faunistic complexes characteristic of the main landscapes of this region. The region is characterized by interpenetration of two main faunistic types: Siberian taiga or boreal and Chinese or manchhurian. Representatives of the Siberian faunistic type are most abundant in coniferous-broad-leaved forests and on bogs. Most of them have a holarctic distribution. Species belonging to the Chinese or manchzhurian faunistic type occur along the coast of the Sea of Japan. They penetrate also the mountains along the valleys of the rivers and the forests where they are represented by hollow forms.

Throughout the territory of the Tomsk district gad flies larvae are infected with bacteria, fungi and Protozoa. The general infection extensiveness in the investigated regions accounted for 21.2%. The infection of larvae with various endoparasites depends on the seasonal activity, habitat type and age composition of populations.

23 species and subspecies of fleas were collected from 16 species of rodents, two species of double-toothed rodents and from burrows of great gerbil in Mongolia. The distribution of fleas on animals and throughout the territory is shown. The description of male and additional description of female of Echidnophaga tiscadaea with figures are given. Figures of male and female of E. oschanini are given for comparison. E. tiscadaea is suggested to be a parasite of jerboa.

The finding of Clinostomoides brieni Dollfus, 1950 in the oesophagus of Ardea purpurea from the Divichinsky liman of the Caspian Sea is reported. The trematode is suggested to be a southern form brought to Azerbaijan during the host migration. As far as it is second finding of C. brieni, its morphological description and figure are given.

In 1979 53 specimens of Sicista tianschanica from the mountain regions of Zailijsky Alatau, 2000 to 2500 m above sea level, were examined. In 12 specimens (20.6%) two new species of coccidians of the genus Eimeria were found. Oocysts of E. tianschanica are of oval shape, 21—26.5x30—36.5 µm, monolayer membrane with cross striation, 2.0 µm thick. Oocysts of E. jakunini are of oval shape, 16—19x21—25 µm, membrane is monolayer, smooth, 1.0 µm thick. Some oocysts have micropyle and polar granule. The residual body is missing.

10 species of fleas are reported from the Taimyr peninsula, of which Ceratophyllus penicilliger, C. calcarifer, C. rectangulatus, C. advenarius, Amphipsylla sibirica, Doratopsylla birulai, Catallagia dacencoi are associated with wild small mammals. Their populations are not abundant, their northern border of distribution passes along the division line of tundra and forest—tundra and they do not occur in tundra. The flea C. garei is brought to tundra by migrating birds from more sounthern regions; the flea M. arctica occurs in great numbers in nests of Rissa trydactila L. C. fasciatus, the flea of synanthrops, is very abundant on house mice in one of the northern settlements.

The species Haemaphysalis (s. str.) kutchensis earlier known from north-western India and Pakistan is first reported from the USSR. One male of H. kutchensis was found in the south of Tadzhikistan in Barbatag ridge (February 2, 1973) on Asio flammeus flammeus which could as hibernate in this place so be on the flight.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.