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A study was made of the intestinal parasitic fauna of the wood-roach (Cryptocercus relictus B.-Bienko), collected in the Suputhinsky reservation of the Far East of the USSR. The Mastigophora detected involved 10 new hypermastigid species, 3 new oxymonadid species and 2 new oxymonadid subspecies. Descriptions of these species are given. The study of the intestinal fauna of Cryptocercus relictus throws light on the origin and evolution of this group of the parasites in their hosts — the termites and the roaches.

A new family Entodiscidae (Hymenostomatida: Tetrahymenina) allied to Entorhipidiidae includes 9 genera (Entodiscus, Cryptochilum, Biggaria, Madsenia, Andreula, Ptyssostoma, Gullmarella, Symbionecta gen. n. and Pectenita gen. n.), symbiotic with marine echinoids, crinoids, sipunculids, echiurids and bivalves. Andreula, Ptyssostoma and Gullmarella are excluded from orders to which they were still ascribed (gymnostomes, trichostomes, thigmotrichs, astomes and heterotrichs). Pectenita golikowi sp. n. inhabits the intestine of Mizuhopecten (=Pecten, Patinopecten) yessoensis in north Japan and Nemuro seas. A new genus Symbionecta gen. n. is proposed for Cryptochilum cuenoti from the oesophagus of Phascolosoma, significantly differing from typical echinophilous species of Cryptochilum.

It was established that Gasterosteus aculeatus and Pungitius pungitius are infected en masse with various ectoparasitic Infusoria. The paper considers complex relationships arising in this peculiar biocoenosis between true parasites (Trichodina), Infusoria feeding on bacteria from water depths (Apiosoma, Epistylis) and predatory forms (Erastophrya).

Tests of entomopathogenic effect of microbic preparations on larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes of the genus Culex have shown considerable efficiency of entobacterin and exotoxin under laboratory conditions. Even the highest concentrations (1.0 and 0.1%) caused no more than 86.0% mortality of larvae. Ist-stage larvae prooved to be the most sensitive to entomobacterin, 82.0% of which died from 0.1% concentration. Mortality of larvae from boverin and exotoxin was inconsiderable, dendrobacillin exerted no pathogenic effect at all.

Electrone microscope studies of ultrafine sections of Malpighian tubes in hungry females of Hyalomma asiaticum show that externally the tubes are surrounded by a thin connective-tissue membrane under which pass muscular fibres and branches of tracheoles. Cells are lined with a homogenous basal membrane. The basal plasmatic membrane forms a system of low internal in-pouchings and apical membrane bears loosely situated microvilli. Mitochondria are of usual structure and do not go inside microvilli and the zone of inpouchings of the basal membrane. The apical surface of cells bears sometimes cytoplasmatic processes penetrating the lumen of vessels. In the cytoplasm, especially on its apical processes, there are many polysaccharide granules while sphere crystals of guanine occur only — in the cavity of vessels.

A method is suggested and the first test is described of a detailed large-scale mapping of the distribution of Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch. The mapping was done by means of simultaneous precise fixation of sites of detection of these ticks on parallel transects passing through the investigated area. This clearly demonstrates the discreteness in the distribution of adult hungry ticks and enables us to ascertain the degree of its conformity with the types of vegetation of lower rank.

Rhinonyssids collected from birds of the order Podicipediformes in the USSR are referred to three species as follows: Rhinonyssus alberti Str., Rh. colymbicola F. et Baf. and Rh. tschomgae sp. n. A description and figures of the new species are given.

Afrolistrophorus myospalacis sp. n. is the first species of this genus recorded from the USSR. Male, female, proto- and teleonymphs are described. The succession of morphological changes occurring in the life cycle of mites of this genus corresponds to those that proceed during ontogenesis of mites of Listrophorus.

The infection with the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the character of clinical features of this disease in rodents undergo significant seasonal and annual changes which depend on the structure of age populations of rodents and the activity of carriers. Due to their great variability these indices cannot serve as a reliable enough criterium for characteristics of the nidus and thus their use for typification of natural nidi of cutaneous leishmaniasis is inexpedient.

It was established that the Committee of experts of the World Health Organization on plague states groundlessly (N 477; 1970, p. 9 English and French texts; 1971, p. 10,. Russian text) that fleas live four years in burrows.

Morphology of aedeagus was studied and 16 species of Paradoxopsyllus are arranged in 5 groups. In differantiation of some species attention should be given to a shape and size of the hooks, dorsal and lateral lobes, inner tube, width of the neck of apodeme of aedeagus. P. paucichaetus Yu, Wu et Liu is close to P. scorodumovi Scalon and P. grenieri Klein to P. repandus (Roths.) and, apparently, are no more than their subspecies.

The paper considers two methods of indirect estimation of young fish mortality in small natural water bodies. In cases when pathogenic parasites stay in the host's body for a long period of time (larvae of Cestoda, Trematoda, some Myxosporidia), the mortality rate was determined by decrease in the percentage of infection from the beginning to the end of the examination. When the pathogenic parasites persist in host's body for a short period of time (Ichthyophthirius, Trematoda, Dactylogyrus), the moratlity of young fishes was calculated by the percentage of lethally infected fishes in each stage of investigation by systematic dissections. When the necessity arises both methods may be applied.

Various methods of clearing were used for studies of structural details of the cephalic end of Contracaecum aduncum, including terpene oil technique which was first employed for this purpose. It has been shown that the structure of lips of larvae is specific not only to the IVth and Vth stages of the parasite but also to the IIId stage. The way connection of lips in C. aduncum suggests the presence of a special, "closing apparatus" in the latter that enables the parasite to attach itself to host's tissues.

A redescription of Meloidoderita kirjanovae Poghossian is given. The authors separate the species in question into a new family related to Heteroderidae and Sphaeronematidae by the presence of the terminal vulva and egg sac as well as by the body shape of females and larvae. From Heteroderidae the new family differs in having an unpaired genital tube with enormous globular uterus, strongly sclerotized lumen of oesophagus, in a different structure of metacorpal bulbs and a peculiar formation of cysts. From Sphaeronematidae it differs in a small metacorpal bulb with poorly developed musculature and uterus transforming into a cysi (in Sphaeronematidae metacorpal bulb with powerful musculature and uterus does not transform into cyst.). In addition Meloidoderitidae differs from both families in poorly sclerotized telenchium of the spear.

Levinsenia rectangulata (Levinsen, 1882) is compared to Ichthyobdella uobir Oka, 1910 on most important external morphological and anatomical characters. This comparison confirmed the supposition of Moore and Mayer that the above species are identical. New data are given on the external morphology and anatomy of L. rectangulata. The paper presents information on a high infection rate of cod with these leeches of eastern coasts of Kamchatka. Literary references and new data are given on the geographic distribution of L. rectangulata.

Philometra lusiana, an agent of a very dangerous invasional disease of fishes, which was known previously only from pond fisheries, has been recorded from fishes of natural waters. An increase in the infection rate of fishes with P. lusiana in the Kremenchug reservoir shows that conditions prevailing in natural waters are favourable for the completion of the live cycle of this parasite. This can result in epizootiae of helminthosis caused by the above parasite.

Up to now only 7 species of Cestodes were recorded from the European beaver, Castor fiber L. In 1969 in the Voronezh state reserve a larva of Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766 was found on the mesentery of an adult beaver. A description of this larva is given.