Паразитарная система Ixodes persulcatus (Ixodinae) – Borrelia garinii – мелкие млекопитающие на северо-западе России

Л.А. Григорьева, O.A. Mитева и E.П. Самойлова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2024, 328(2): 308–322 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.2.308

Резюме

Исследованы взаимоотношения между членами паразитарной системы, образуемой таёжным клещем Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930) на преимагинальных фазах развития, Borrelia garinii и мелкими млекопитающими. Установлено, что трансовариальная передача B. garinii у таежного клеща отсутствует. В условиях природных биотопов северо-запада России мелкими млекопитающими, прокормителями преимагинальных стадий Ixodes persulcatus являются Myodes glareolus (Schreber, 1780) (52–53%), Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 (33–34%), Apodemus uralensis (Pallas, 1811) (14%). Личинки и нимфы наиболее многочисленны на прокормителях в начале сезона, в мае и июне. В дальнейшем их численность снижается в 5–10 раз и может немного увеличиваться в сентябре. В популяциях до 31.9 % особей M. glareolus и 20.5% особей A. uralensis инфицированы B. garinii. Установлен агрегированный тип распределения личинок и нимф таёжного клеща на прокормителях. Инфицирование основной части голодных личинок и нимф происходит в начале сезона активности после зимовки при питании на перезимовавших инфицированных прокормителях. Этот период является ключевым в циркуляции (обмене между переносчиками и резервуарными хозяевами) и сохранении B. garinii в природном очаге боррелиоза на северо-западе России. Вертикальная передача B. garinii возможна от напитавшихся в начале сезона личинок и нимф перелинявшим в августе-сентябре нимфам и взрослым клещам, соответственно. Горизонтальная передача возбудителя от мелких млекопитающих, особенно рыжей полевки, личинкам и нимфам и наоборот обеспечивает циркуляцию и сохранение B. garinii в природных очагах. Вопрос о сохранении возбудителя в зимующих преимагинальных стадиях клещей требует дальнейших исследований.

Ключевые слова

Borrelia garinii, Ixodes persulcatus, мелкие млекопитающие

Поступила в редакцию 20 мая 2023 г. · Принята в печать 11 апреля 2024 г. · Опубликована 24 июня 2024 г.

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