Роль олеандровых рощ для остановок перелетных воробьиных птиц

Л. Бозо

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2024, 328(2): 298–307 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.2.298

Резюме

Во время перелетов птицам необходимы места отдыха, где они могут восстановить силы. В сельскохозяйственных районах птицы могут использовать для этого лесопосадки, состоящие из чужеродных видов. В настоящей работе рассмотрен вопрос о значении олеандровых рощ для перелетных воробьиных птиц. Изучена экология птиц 15 видов, мигрирующих на дальние и ближние расстояния, в районах их остановок. Рассчитана минимальная продолжительность остановок и степень накопления жира для птиц каждого вида, с разделением их на группы по характеру используемых биотопов и протяженности миграций. Для трех видов оценен возможный диапазон дальности перелета, исходя из накопленного жира, массы тела и длины крыльев. Результаты показывают, что олеандровые лесопосадки используются птицами на остановках по-разному. За время, проведенное на отдыхе, масса тела птиц, как правило, существенно не меняется. Лесные виды и птицы сельскохозяйственных угодий проводят на остановках наибольшее время. Несмотря на возможно высокий уровень внутри- и межвидовой конкуренции, олеандровые рощи могут обеспечить птиц достаточным количеством корма в течение всего периода остановки. У мигрантов на короткие расстояния меньше жира, чем у птиц, осуществляющих дальние перелеты, что обусловлено, очевидно, различной стратегией их миграций. В зависимости от протяженности перелетов птиц варьирует их поведение на остановках. Исследования биологии птиц на местах их стоянок в ходе миграций важны с природоохранной точки зрения.

Ключевые слова

оценка дальности перелета, миграции птиц, олеандровые рощи, места остановок

Поступила в редакцию 20 февраля 2024 г. · Принята в печать 20 апреля 2024 г. · Опубликована 24 июня 2024 г.

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