Новая Trachyaspis-подобная пан-хелониидная черепаха из бартона Казахстана

E.A. Звонок, A.В. Пантелеев и И.Г. Данилов

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2024, 328(2): 167–196 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2024.328.2.167

Резюме

В статье описан ископаемый пан-хелониид Protrachyaspis shorymensis gen. et sp. nov. из местонахождений Каракеши, Керт, Куюлус и Моната шорымской свиты (бартон, средний эоцен), а также неизвестных местонахождений п-ова Мангышлак, Казахстан. Помимо этого описаны кости панциря мелких пан-хелониид из местонахождений Куюлус и Тузбаир шорымской свиты с некоторыми признаками P. shorymensis, которые, вероятно, представляют собой остатки ювенильных особей этого вида. Новый таксон характеризуется рядом редко встречающихся у пан-хелониид черт, включая зазубренные зубные кости, дистально смещенный латеральный отросток плечевой кости и глубоко скульптированную наружную поверхность карапакса. Эти черты указывают на вероятную растительноядную диету и пелагический образ жизни нового пан-хелониида. По результатам кладистического анализа P. shorymensis является сестринским по отношению к неогеновому Trachyaspis lardyi Meyer, 1843, от которого отличается отсутствием килей карапакса у взрослых особей, конфигурацией щитков на теменной кости и строением пластрона. Стратиграфический разрыв между временем появления P. shorymensis и сестринского ему T. lardyi предполагает продолжительную призрачную линию представителей этой клады на протяжении бартона – аквитана (около 20.7 млн лет), предшествующую появлению T. lardyi. На большей части деревьев клада P. shorymensis + T. lardyi находится внутри клады Chelonini, что с учетом среднеэоценового возраста P. shorymensis свидетельствует в пользу ранней дивергенции кроновых хелониид, установленной ранее по молекулярным данным. С новым таксоном сходны фрагментарные остатки пан-хелониид со скульптированной наружной поверхностью панциря, ранее описанные из четырех местонахождений верхней части бучакской и нижней части киевской свиты юга Европейской России и Украины, что позволяет определить эти материалы как cf. Protrachyaspis sp. и, вероятно, удревняет время появления клады P. shorymensis + T. lardyi до среднего лютета.

Ключевые слова

бартонский ярус, Cheloniidae, Казахстан, Protrachyaspis shorymensis, морские черепахи, шорымская свита, Trachyaspis lardyi

Поступила в редакцию 3 октября 2023 г. · Принята в печать 9 апреля 2024 г. · Опубликована 24 июня 2024 г.

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