Опыт оценки численности и распределения гусей и казарок на полуострове Таймыр методом авиаучета

С.Б. Розенфельд, А.Б. Поповкина, М.Ю. Соловьев, Г.В. Киртаев и Н.В. Рогова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2023, 327(4): 643–658 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.4.643

Резюме

Полуостров Таймыр – важнейший регион воспроизводства водоплавающих и околоводных птиц, относящихся как к европейским, так и к азиатским зимовочным популяциям. Уникальность Таймыра в том, что птицы прилетают туда и с запада, и с востока, следуя пятью из восьми глобальных пролётных путей: восточно-атлантическим, черноморско-средиземноморским, западноазиатско-восточноафриканским, центральноазиатским и восточноазиатско-австралазийским. Исследование продолжает тему природоохранной орнитологии и рационального использования биоресурсов, поднятую на Первом Всероссийском орнитологическом конгрессе Евгением Евгеньевичем Сыроечковским. В России не существует системы государственного мониторинга популяций гусеобразных птиц, в частности с применением авиаучетов. В 2019 г. с борта сверхлегкого самолёта СТЕРХ 1С, сконструированного нами специально для авиаучетов птиц в Арктике, проведены учеты гусей и казарок в тундровой зоне полуострова Таймыр. Получены новые данные об их численности и пространственном распределении. Обоснована методика построения маршрутов авиаучетов без использования трансект, а также применения ГИС, ДЗЗ и обобщённых аддитивных моделей (GAM) для интерпретации результатов и экстраполяционной оценки численности; создана база данных по результатам авиаучетов (http://rggsurveys.ru). Согласно нашей оценке, впервые полученной с использованием статистического моделирования, на Таймыре гнездятся и линяют более 1.5 млн белолобых гусей, около 450000 гуменников, 78400 краснозобых казарок и 43000 пискулек. Сопоставление этих цифр с современными оценками численности мировых популяций этих видов демонстрирует ключевую роль полуострова Таймыр в поддержании популяций редких и хозяйственно значимых видов гусеобразных.

Ключевые слова

авиаучеты, арктические гусеобразные, база данных, мониторинг, Таймыр, экстраполяция

Поступила в редакцию 3 мая 2023 г. · Принята в печать 11 октября 2023 г. · Опубликована 25 декабря 2023 г.

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