Раннеплейстоценовые Bovidae из Палан-Тюкана (Азербайджан)

В.В. Титов, К.Ю. Ильцевич и М.В. Саблин

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2023, 327(2): 183–201 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2023.327.2.183

Резюме

Раннеплейстоценовое местонахождение Палан-Тюкан (MNQ18, около 1.85 млн. л. н.) находится в Закавказье на северо-западе Азербайджана. Всего здесь было собрано в 1986 и 1990 гг. одним из авторов (М.В. Саблин) более 300 костей млекопитающих. Они залегали вплотную друг к другу внутри линзовидного скопления площадью 25 м² в толще нормально намагниченных (верхняя часть палеомагнитного эпизода Олдувей) желтовато-серых нижнеапшеронских суглинков. Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу остатков Bovidae. Материал представлен фрагментами черепов и роговых стержней, изолированными зубами и костями посткраниального скелета. В результате ревизии коллекции были определены быки Leptobos (Smertiobos) cf. etruscus (Falconer, 1859), винторогая антилопа Gazellospira torticornis (Aymard, 1854) и газель Gazella cf. bouvrainae (Kostopoulos, 1996). Степень гипсодонтности нестертого зуба М3 лептобоса, а также размеры и морфология костей конечностей указывают на большее сходство с таковыми у L. etruscus Оливолы и Тассо. Характеристики роговых стержней, а также верхних зубов и костей конечностей среднеразмерной винторогой антилопы из Палан-Тюкана указывают на большее сходство с таковыми у номинативного подвида G. torticornis torticornis. Размеры и степень уплощённости роговых стержней, а также параметры зуба p4 сходны с таковыми у среднеразмерной газели G. bouvrainae, описанной из ряда раннеплейстоценовых местонахождений Греции. Таксономический состав ассоциации Bovidae из Палан-Тюкана согласуется с ранее определённым стратиграфическим положением местонахождения, фауна из которого относится к псекупскому фаунистическому комплексу Восточной Европы, коррелируемому с поздним виллафранком Западной Европы. Состав сообщества этих растительноядных свидетельствует о распространении на западе Закавказья в этот период раннего плейстоцена лесостепных ландшафтов саванноподобного типа.

Ключевые слова

Bovidae, Закавказье, костные остатки, Палан-Тюкан, ранний плейстоцен, северо-западный Азербайджан

Поступила в редакцию 17 января 2023 г. · Принята в печать 20 марта 2023 г. · Опубликована 25 июня 2023 г.

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