Раннеплейстоценовые Caniformia из Палан-Тюкана (Азербайджан)

М.В. Саблин и К.Ю. Ильцевич

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2022, 326(2): 47–58 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.2.47

Резюме

Раннеплейстоценовое местонахождение Палан-Тюкан (MNQ18, около 1.85 млн. л.) находится в Закавказье, на северо-западе Азербайджана. Всего здесь в 1986 и 1990 годах М.В. Саблиным было собрано более 300 костей млекопитающих. Они залегали вплотную друг к другу внутри линзовидного скопления площадью 25 м² в толще нормально намагниченных (верхняя часть палеомагнитного эпизода Олдувей) желтовато-серых нижнеапшеронских суглинков. Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу остатков Caniformia. Присутствие енотовидной собаки в Палан-Тюкане дает представление о стратиграфическом диапазоне данного таксона в Евразии: это – одна из самых поздних находок вида Nyctereutes megamastoides (Pomel, 1842) в Европе. Зуб медведя (ранее найденный неподалеку Н.А. Лебедевой) отнесен к виду Ursus etruscus Cuvier, 1823. Вопрос о таксономии плио-плейстоценовой трибы Galictini на территории Евразии сложен и обсуждается с начала прошлого века. Дискуссия обусловлена главным образом скудностью и разрозненостью ископаемого материала. После морфологического и метрического анализа сделан основной вывод об остатках Pannonictis nestii (Martelli, 1906) из Палан-Тюкана. Остатки палеарктического раннеплейстоценового барсука были отнесены к виду Meles thorali Viret, 1950 – предку европейских и азиатских барсуков. Наличие M. thorali в Палан-Тюкане – одно из самых поздних палеонтологических свидетельств о данном виде. Остатки выдры из Палан-Тюкана отнесены нами к Lutraeximia cf. umbra Cherin et al., 2016. Caniformia из Палан-Тюкана обитали в лесной зоне рядом с крупным водоемом, в относительно влажном субтропическом климате. Фауна Палан-Тюкана является важной эталонной фауной для уточнения биостратиграфических зон млекопитающих в Европе. Уточнить таксономический статус многих из этих вымерших форм Caniformia могут лишь новые находки.

Ключевые слова

Caniformia, ранний плейстоцен, северо-западный Азербайджан, остеологический материал, Палан-Тюкан, Закавказье

Поступила в редакцию 25 марта 2022 г. · Принята в печать 29 апреля 2022 г. · Опубликована 25 июня 2022 г.

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