Обзор фауны рыб Чаунского бассейна – района природного заказника «Чаунская губа» и порта Певек (восточносибирская Арктика)

Н.В. Чернова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2022, 326(1): 30–42 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2022.326.1.30

Резюме

Рыбы Чаунской губы и ее бассейна мало исследованы. Часть побережья этого обширного (около 9 тыс. км²) арктического эстуария входит в состав государственного природного заказника «Чаунская губа», на входе в залив расположен морской порт Певек – транзитный узел Северного морского пути. Район выделен как один из приоритетных для охраны биоразнообразия в морях Российской Арктики. Решение задачи сохранения биоты начинается с инвентаризации фауны. В работе приведены результаты обобщения данных по видовому составу морских, проходных и пресноводных рыб Чаунской губы и ее бассейна. Актуализированный перечень включает 36 видов из 28 родов, входящих в 16 семейств и 10 отрядов. В морских водах встречаются рыбы 31 вида (18 морских, 13 проходных и полупроходных), в реках и озерах – 5 пресноводных (и 13 проходных и полупроходных) видов. В состав фауны включены отсутствовавшие в ее списках муксун Coregonus muksun (Pallas, 1814) и щука Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758. Числившиеся ранее минога Lethenteron kessleri (Anikin, 1905), тихоокеанская сельдь Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 и арктический голец Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) не подтверждаются фактическими нахождениями. Сообщество морских рыб Чаунской губы представляет собой обедненную шельфовую фауну Восточно-Сибирского моря и включает виды, переносящие опреснение. Пресноводная ихтиофауна бассейна отличается от фауны соседнего Колымского района выпадением ряда пресноводных видов, исчезновение которых связывают с периодом позднеголоценового похолодания климата. Значительную часть составляют элементы северотихоокеанской фауны, распространившиеся в Восточно-Сибирское море в послеледниковое время.

Ключевые слова

Восточно-Сибирское море, ихтиофауна, порт Певек, природный заказник, рыбы, Чаунская губа

Поступила в редакцию 10 февраля 2022 г. · Принята в печать 22 февраля 2022 г. · Опубликована 25 марта 2022 г.

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