Остатки крупных млекопитающих с эпиграветтийской стоянки Юдиново

М.В. Саблин и К.Ю. Ильцевич

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2021, 325(1): 71–81 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.1.71

Резюме

Стоянка эпохи эпиграветта Юдиново (Брянская область, Россия) была открыта в 1930 году К.М. Поликарповичем. Она расположена в долине реки Судость и имеет уникальную стратиграфию. В статье представлены результаты изучения остатков крупных млекопитающих, а также обсуждается их значение для пересмотра прежней интерпретации существования этой стоянки в самом конце финальной стадии позднего плейстоцена. В общей сложности 38 268 костей млекопитающих было обнаружены в культурных слоях в результате раскопок 1947–2019 гг. Состав фауны относительно скуден, с доминированием шерстистого мамонта и песца, что типично для холодной и сухой тундростепи. Нами также был задействовано отслеживание стабильных изотопов в костях. В результате анализа показано, что древние люди охотились как на взрослых, так и на молодых крупных млекопитающих. Основываясь на последовательности прорезания и степени изношенности коронки молочных зубов молодых животных, мы смогли уточнить сезон их смерти. Вероятнее всего они были добыты в конце весны или в начале осени. Здесь обнаружены следы от зубов собак (погрызы) на отдельных костях. Мы представляем в этой статье также результаты исследования так называемых “жилищ”, которые были сложены из частей тела и костей, которые были извлечены из туш недавно убитых мамонтов. Мы интерпретируем эти структуры как ритуальное погребение остатков добытых на охоте животных. Можно предположить, что эти “жилища”, вероятно, были важной частью социально-символической системы людей, которые их создали.

Ключевые слова

долина реки Судость, крупные млекопитающие, охота на мамонта, поздний плейстоцен, фаунистический комплекс, Юдиново

Поступила в редакцию 9 октября 2020 г. · Принята в печать 30 ноября 2020 г. · Опубликована 25 марта 2021 г.

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