Позднеплейстоценовые и голоценовые остатки хищных млекопитающих (Carnivora) из пещеры Близнец на юге Дальнего Востока России

Э.В. Алексеева и Г.Ф. Барышников

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2020, 324(3): 388–444 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2020.324.3.388

Резюме

Впервые детально изучена фауна хищных млекопитающих (Carnivora) финального плейстоцена и голоцена юга Дальнего Востока России. Исследованы палеонтологические сборы хорошей сохранности из пещеры Близнец, расположенной в Южном Сихотэ-Алине и представляющей собой карстовый колодец. Определены 14 видов, встречающихся в настоящее время в регионе, за исключением степного хоря (Mustela eversmanii) и мелкой кошки, похожей на манула (Otocolobus manul). Выделены два стратиграфических комплекса. Первый, судя по радиоуглеродным датировкам (11–12 тыс. лет), относится к концу позднего плейстоцена. Здесь найдены почти исключительно остатки мелких мустелид, включая Mustela eversmanii. Вход в пещеру был небольшим или трудно доступным для крупных млекопитающих, и костное скопление формировалось в результате жизнедеятельности хищных птиц (вероятно, сов). Второй стратиграфический комплекс датируется голоценом. В нем нет степного хоря, но встречены находки манула. Судя по составу сохранившихся частей скелета, вход в пещеру увеличился, и в пещерный колодец попадали целые звери крупного и среднего размера, которые погибали в результате случайного падения. Наш анализ подтверждает, что на юге Дальнего Востока происходило смещение ареалов теплолюбивых видов хищных млекопитающих на юг в холодные климатические фазы и их движение на север в теплые эпохи. Кроме того, появлялись виды из аридных территорий Центральной Азии (степной хорь, манул), которые расселялись при распространении степных ландшафтов в холодные фазы финального плейстоцена и раннего голоцена.

Ключевые слова

история фауны, тафономия, хищные млекопитающие, юг Дальнего Востока России, Carnivora

Поступила в редакцию 17 апреля 2020 г. · Принята в печать 9 июня 2020 г. · Опубликована 25 сентября 2020 г.

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