Вклад специалистов кафедры ихтиологии и гидробиологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета в сохранение популяций каспийских осетровых

P.П. Ходоревская

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2019, 323(4): 498–505 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2019.323.4.498

Резюме

В работе описаны основные исторические моменты изменений динамики численности популяций каспийских осетровых и формирования их запасов. Высоко оценено участие сотрудников кафедры ихтиологии и гидробиологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета в создании концепции сохранения осетровых Каспийского моря и в создании специализированного института осетрового хозяйства в г. Астрахани, приведены материалы по вкладу специалистов кафедры в изучение физиологического состояния производителей осетровых, повышение их качества, выживаемости и сохранности в условиях искусственного разведения этих видов. Приведены данные по сокращению численности выращиваемой и выпускаемой в Каспийское море молоди осетровых прикаспийскими государствами. Дано описание современного состояния осетровых Каспийского бассейна. Проанализированы данные об изменении запасов, структуры нерестовой части популяций и воспроизводстве белуги, русского осетра и севрюги Волго-Каспийского бассейна в условиях запрета их коммерческого промысла. Показано, что в годы запрета продолжилось снижение численности и запасов осетровых, биологических показателей мигрирующих на нерест в Волгу производителей и доли самок среди них, что связано с нелегальным выловом осетровых, сопоставимым по масштабам с коммерческим промыслом до введения запрета на него. Констатируется снижение естественного (вплоть до его полного прекращения у белуги) и искусственного воспроизводства осетровых. Только соблюдение моратория на промысел осетровых во всех прикаспийских государствах, усиление охраны рыб на местах нагула и нерестовых миграций может сохранить и восстановить их уникальные каспийские популяции.

Ключевые слова

естественное и искусственное воспроизводство, осетровые, Каспийское море

Поступила в редакцию 19 ноября 2019 г. · Принята в печать 2 декабря 2019 г. · Опубликована 26 декабря 2019 г.

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