Проблемы валидности таксона Archidiskodon meridionalis gromovi Garutt et Alexejeva, 1964: уточнение диагноза, стратиграфическое распространение, палеоэкология

В.С. Байгушева и В.В. Титов

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2018, 322(3): 222–240 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.3.222

Резюме

Слоны мамонтоидной линии имеют важное значение в биостратиграфии раннего плейстоцена Евразии. Для Восточной Европы и сопредельных регионов выделена последовательность подвидов, сменявшихся в течение виллафранка. Archidiskodon meridionalis gromovi является средневиллафранкским этапом эволюции этих слонов и характерным членом хапровского фаунистического комплекса Восточной Европы. Этот вид был описан на основании серийной коллекции зубов из хапровских слоев, вскрывающихся в Северо-Восточном Приазовье в нескольких карьерах и береговых обнажениях (Хапры, Ливенцовка, Морская 1 и др.). Голотипом данного вида является практически целый череп с сильно стёртыми зубами, поэтому ряд его зубных характеристик (частота пластин, толщина эмали) имеет относительно прогрессивный уровень и совпадает с таковыми показателями у лектотипа A. m. meridionalis. Этот факт явился причиной попыток замены таксона A. m. gromovi на другие, основанные на единичных находках или смешанных малочисленных выборках. Имеющиеся возражения в валидности этого таксона связаны в основном с недооценкой или переоценкой размаха изменчивости признаков у выборок из разных местонахождений. Показано, что лектотип A. m. meridionalis также выбран не совсем удачно, поскольку частота пластин и толщина эмали его зубов значительно отличаются от средних показателей поздневиллафранкской выборки из Верхнего Вальдарно. Ряд авторов, признавая наличие примитивной формы южных слонов, относят средневиллафранкских меридионалоидных слонов к ранневиллафранкскому A. rumanus или к типичному поздневиллафранкскому A. meridionalis. Попытки отказа от использования таксона слона Громова приводят к путанице в систематике рода и невозможности использовать такие определения для биостратиграфических и палеогеографических построений. В работе приводится уточненный диагноз подвида A. m. gromovi. Размах изменчивости и средние показатели выборки из хапровских слоев Приазовья отличаются от таковых у поздневиллафранкского A. m. meridionalis из Верхнего Вальдарно. A. m. gromovi является валидным таксоном, охарактеризованным как черепным, так и серийным зубным стратиграфически привязанным материалом.

Ключевые слова

голотип, меридионалоидный слон, размах изменчивости, серийная коллекция, средние значения, средний виллафранк

Поступила в редакцию 8 июля 2018 г. · Принята в печать 31 августа 2018 г. · Опубликована 26 сентября 2018 г.

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