Видовой призывный крик черного дрозда (Turdus merula) в периоды сезонных миграций и размножения

К.В. Большаков, М.Д. Евстигнеева и В.Н. Булюк

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2018, 322(2): 129–143 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2018.322.2.129

Резюме

Представлены результаты анализа 346 спектрограмм видового призывного крика «тсиирр» черного дрозда (Turdus merula), издаваемого птицами во время ночного и дневного миграционного полёта, на миграционных остановках и в период размножения. Длительность сигнала этого типа варьирует в пределах 102–359 мс, а его частотный диапазон находится в области промежуточных и высоких частот от 5. до 9.9 кГц. На спектрограммах большинство сигналов «тсиирр» были c одной высокочастотной и одной более низкочастотной модулированными полосами. Предполагается, что такая структура данного сигнала позволяет птицам поддерживать контакты между собой на большом расстоянии и определять положение друг друга в пространстве. Временные и частотные характеристики призывных криков черных дроздов, летящих миграционным полетом ночью и в дневное время, в среднем достоверно не отличались. Призывный крик во время миграционного полета имел в среднем значительно более узкий диапазон звучания, чем на остановках. Эти различия могли быть вызваны более сильной деградацией структуры сигналов при их распространении во время миграционного полета, чем на остановках. Анализ спектрограмм призывных криков двух пар взрослых черных дроздов во время размножения выявил значительные индивидуальные различия между отдельными птицами. Сигналы мигрирующих особей на остановках были более короткими и более широкополосными, чем у взрослых размножающихся дроздов. Наши исследования сигнализации черного дрозда, а также двух других видов дроздов – певчего дрозда (T. philomelos) и белобровика (T. iliacus), показывают, что во время дневного и ночного миграционного полета птицы этих видов используют только один тип сигнала – видовой призывный крик. Этот сигнал птицы также используют для коммуникации во время миграционных остановок. Какие-либо специализированные «миграционные» сигналы у дроздов в периоды сезонных миграций отсутствуют.

Ключевые слова

акустическая сигнализация, видовой призывный крик, миграции птиц, размножение, черный дрозд, Turdus merula

Поступила в редакцию 14 октября 2017 г. · Принята в печать 24 апреля 2018 г. · Опубликована 25 июня 2018 г.

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