Количественные характеристики зоопланктонных и зообентосных сообществ и качество р. Нерча в условиях Забайкальского края

С.М. Казыкина и Е.Х. Зыкова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2016, 320(3): 304–315 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2016.320.3.304

Резюме

Изучение видового разнообразия зоопланктонных и зообентосных сообществ проводилось по длине р. Нерча в средней и нижней части водотока. Река Нерча расположена в Забайкальском крае, принадлежит Верхне-Амурскому бассейну и является притоком второго порядка р. Амур. В планктофауне р. Нерча обнаружено 42 вида беспозвоночных, относящихся к 27 родам, 15 семействам, 7 отрядам и 4 классам. В плактофауне наибольшим видовым разнообразием отличались коловратки – 24 вида и подвида. Ветвистоусые ракообразные представлены 16 видами, меньше всего отмечено веслоногих ракообразных – 2 вида. В бентофауне было обнаружено 133 таксона разного систематического уровня, принадлежащих к 6 классам: Nematoda, Arachnidae, Clitellata, Insecta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia. Общее число таксонов распределилось среди 35 семейств, 52 родов, 65 видов. Доминирующими группами бентофауны являлись представители амфибиотических насекомых. Численность зоопланктеров колебалась от 0.02 до 1.53 тыс. экз/м³, бентосных организмов – от 0.12 до 6.3 тыс. экз/м². Биомасса зоопланктона изменялась от 0.10 до 40.00 мг/м³, зообентоса – от 0.003 до 28.46 г/м². Число видов зоопланктеров в пробах варьировало от 2 до 22, представителей бентофауны – от 4 до 39. Индекс видового разнообразия зоопланктона изменялся от 0.5 до 4.2 бит/экз, зообентоса – от 1.04 до 4.47 бит/экз. Большинство отмеченных видов пелагической и донной фауны относятся к широкораспространенным, а также к голарктическому и палеарктическому типу распространения. Качество воды характеризовалось преимущественно II и III классами, чистые – умеренно-загрязненные воды соответственно.

Ключевые слова

биоразнообразие, зообентос, зоопланктон, качество воды, таксоны

Поступила в редакцию 20 января 2016 г. · Принята в печать 10 июля 2016 г. · Опубликована 23 сентября 2016 г.

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