Специфика и пути эволюционных преобразований челюстной мускулатуры у Laonastes aenigmamus и Ctenodactylus gundi (Ctenodactyloidea, Rodentia)

Е.Г. Потапова

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2015, 319(3): 401–417 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.3.401

Резюме

Сравнение гунди (Ctenodactylus gundi) и лаонастеса (Laonastes aenigmamus) с другими грызунами показало, что план строения их челюстного аппарата (включая и челюстную мускулатуру) наиболее соответствует таковому гистрикогнатных грызунов, хотя и обладает ярко выраженной спецификой. У гунди его можно рассматривать как особый, высоко специализированный вариант данного типа, у лаонастеса – как пример генерализованного, базового для Ctenohystrica варианта. В его конструкции сочетаются черты, характерные не только для гистрикогнатных, но и для сциурогнатных грызунов, которые могли быть присущи предкам этой клады. Для жевания оба вида используют перетирание, которое требует дифференциации мышц на вертикальную и горизонтальную составляющие. У рассмотренных форм она реализована по-разному: у гунди – за счет изменения наклона целых мускулов, а у лаонастеса – за счет отдельных частей каждого из них. У гунди она связана с упрощением внутренней структуры массетера и крыловидного мускула, а у лаонастеса, наоборот, – с ее усложнением. Гомологичные элементы у этих видов могут участвовать в создании по-разному направленных усилий, и наоборот. Обосновывается, что у гунди преобразования челюстного аппарата были связаны не только с пищевой специализацией, но и с адаптациями слухового и зрительного анализаторов. У лаонастеса строение данной системы существенных адаптивных изменений не претерпело.

Ключевые слова

морфологическая специализация, челюстной аппарат, челюстная мускулатура, Ctenodactylus, Laonastes

Поступила в редакцию 12 июня 2015 г. · Принята в печать 31 августа 2015 г. · Опубликована 25 сентября 2015 г.

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