Таксономическая ревизия трибосфенических млекопитающих из нижнемеловой формации Антлерс Техаса и Оклахомы, США

А.О. Аверьянов

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2015, 319(2): 141–181 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.2.141

Резюме

Установлено присутствие 5 таксонов трибосфенических млекопитающих в раннемеловой формации Антлерс в Техасе и Оклахоме, США: базальное стволовое териевое млекопитающее (Kermackia texana), стволовые таксоны териевых млекопитающих вблизи дивергенции сумчатых и плацентарных (Holoclemensia texana и Pappotherium pattersoni), и стволовые таксоны сумчатых млекопитающих (Atokatheridium boreni и Oklatheridium szalayi). K. texana характеризуется примитивной для териев формулой щечных зубов с тремя молярами, сменой зубов в пятом премолярном локусе, M3 с низким протоконом без конулей, нижние моляры с большим углом тригонида, косым протокристидом, параконид меньше метаконида (кроме m3), сильно выраженным дистальным метакристидом, узким талонидом, маленьким бассейном талонида, маленьким энтоконидом (отсутствует на m3). У H. texana также была смена в пятом премолярном локусе и три моляра. Этот таксон более продвинут по наличию более крупного протокона с конулями, отсутствием дистального метакристида, меньшим углом тригонида, поперечным протокристидом, и широким талонидом с большим бассейном. Близок к Eutheria по строению M1 с редуцированным эктофлексусом, полумоляриформным p5, и небольшим углом тригонида с поперечным протокристидом. Однако Holoclemensia не может быть отнесена к Eutheria из-за отсутствия дополнительных режущих кромок на коренных зубах и внутренних гребней конулей. Для P. pattersoni (=Slaughteria eruptens) была характерна смена пятого премоляра, премоляриформный p5 и три моляра (симплезиоморфии для Theria). Этот таксон более продвинут, чем Holoclemensia по наличию более широкого и короткого талонида. Pappotherium близок к Eutheria по небольшому углу тригонида, поперечному протокристиду, и положении бокового кристида лабиальнее бороздки протокристида. Этот таксон не относится к Eutheria из-за узкого и низкого протокона, маленьких конулей без внутренних крист, короткой постпротокристы, и небольшого бассейна талонида. Atokatheridium boreni и Oklatheridium szalayi (=O. minax, syn. nov.) характеризуются четырмя молярами и усиленными режущими кромками метаконида и параконида. Эти таксоны не относятся к Deltatheroida из-за крупного протокона и наличием внутренних гребней конулей. Oklatheridium также отличается от Deltatheroida более широким талонидом и лучше развитым энтоконидом.

Ключевые слова

формация Антлерс, ранний мел, эволюция, Mammalia, Северная Америка, Theria

Поступила в редакцию 12 декабря 2014 г. · Принята в печать 31 марта 2015 г. · Опубликована 25 июня 2015 г.

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