Забытые динозавры Семиречья (Восточный Казахстан; поздний мел)

A.O. Аверьянов, Г.-Д. Зюс и П.А. Тлеубердина

Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2012, 316(2): 139–147 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2012.316.2.139

Резюме

Местонахождения позднемеловых динозавров, открытые в 1925–1927 гг. в бассейне р. Или в предгорьях Джунгарского Алатау, в центре исторической области Семиречье (Жетысу), являются одними из первых известных динозавровых местонахождений в Азии. Предварительные определения динозавров из местонахождений Семиречья, ревизованные Несовым (1995), включают Sauropoda, Tyrannosauridae, Hadrosauridae, Ankylosauridae и, возможно, Ceratopsidae. Единственный экземпляр динозавра, описанный ранее из этой фауны, это большая берцовая кость, отнесенная к cf. Ceratopsia Рябининым (1939). Данная находка не может быть определена точнее чем Dinosauria indet. В данной работе мы описываем наиболее важную находку известную в настоящее время из этой фауны – зубную кость тираннозаврида, найденную в 1950 г. сотрудниками Института Зоологии Казахстана в местонахождении Кара-Чеку. Этот экземпляр может быть надежно определен как Tyrannosaurinae indet. по наличию утолщенных зубов и мелким размерам первой зубной альвеолы. Это первая находка продвинутого тираннозаврина в позднем мелу Казахстана и Средней Азии. Возраст динозавровой фауны Семиречья, скорее всего, кампан или маастрихт.

Ключевые слова

динозавры, Казахстан, поздний мел, Tyrannosauridae, Семиречье

Поступила в редакцию 8 мая 2012 г. · Принята в печать 25 мая 2012 г. · Опубликована 25 июня 2012 г.

Литература

Andrews R.C. 1932. The New Conquest of Central Asia: A Narrative of the Explorations of the Central Asiatic Expeditions in Mongolia and China, 1921–1930. (Natural History of Central Asia, Vol. 1.) New York, American Museum of Natural History. 678 p.

Averianov A.O. 2007. Theropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of North-East Aral Sea area, Kazakhstan. Cretaceous Research, 28: 532–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2006.08.008

Bazhanov V.S. 1947. [Remains of large Cretaceous dinosaurs in the Tobol River Basin]. Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, 5: 38–40. [In Russian].

Bazhanov V.S. and Kostenko N.N. 1958. [Scheme of stratigraphy of Tertiary deposits of South-Eastern Kazakhstan and Northern Kirghizia in light of paleontological data]. Materialy po Istorii Fauny i Flory Kazakhstana, 2: 5–16. [In Russian].

Brochu C.A. 2003. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex: insights from a nearly complete skeleton and high-resolution computed tomographic analysis. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir, 7: 1–138. https://doi.org/10.2307/3889334

Brusatte S.L., Carr T.D., Erickson G.M., Bever G.S. and Norell M.A. 2009. A long-snouted, multihorned tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106: 17261–17266. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906911106

Brusatte, S.L. Carr T.D. and Norell M.A. 2012. The osteology of Alioramus, a gracile and long-snouted tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 369: 1–197. https://doi.org/10.1206/770.1

Brusatte S.L., Norell M.A., Carr T.D., Erickson G.M., Hutchinson J.R., Balanoff A.M., Bever G.S., Choiniere J.N., Makovicky P.J. and Xu X. 2010. Tyrannosaur paleobiology: New research on ancient exemplar organisms. Science, 329: 1481–1485. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193304

Carr T.D. and Williamson T.E. 2010. Bistahieversor sealeyi, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724630903413032

Currie P.J. 2003. Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 48: 191–226.

Currie P.J., Hurum J.H. and Sabath K. 2003. Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 48: 227–234.

Dyke G.J. and Malakhov D.V. 2004. Abundance and taphonomy of dinosaur teeth and other vertebrate remains from the Bostobynskaya Formation, north-east Aral Sea region, Republic of Kazakhstan. Cretaceous Research, 25: 669–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2004.06.004

Efremov I.A. 1931. [Dinosaurs in the red beds of Middle Asia]. Trudy Paleozoologicheskogo Instituta AN SSSR, 1: 217–221. [In Russian].

Efremov I.A. 1933. [Two fields of death of past geological epochs of the USSR]. Priroda, 7: 61–63 [In Russian].

Efremov I.A. 1944. [Dinosaur horizon of Middle Asia and some questions of stratigraphy]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya, 3: 40–58. [In Russian].

Gartman-Veinberg A.P. 1927. [On the paleontological collection made on Ili River (Kazakhstan) by Academy of Sciences expedition in 1927]. In: [Proceedings of the Third All-Russian Congress of Zoologists, Anatomists and Histologists. Leningrad, December 14–20, 1927]. Leningrad: 111–112. [In Russian].

Hatcher J.B., Marsh O.C. and Lull R.S. 1907. The Ceratopsia. Monographs of the United States Geological Survey, 49: 1–300. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60500

Hone D.W.E., Wang K., Sullivan C., Zhao X., Chen S., Li D., Ji S., Ji Q. and Xu X. 2011. A new, large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of China. Cretaceous Research, 32: 495–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.03.005

Khozatsky L.I. 1957. [To the history of trionychid turtles in Kazakhstan]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya, 2: 15–30. [In Russian].

Kirikov A.P. 1927a. [New finding of reptile remains in Zhetysu (Semirechie)]. Vestnik Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 2: 33. [In Russian].

Kirikov A.P. 1927b. [On the continental deposits of Semirechie]. Izvestiya Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 46: 453–462. [In Russian].

Maleev E.A. 1974. [Giant carnosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae]. Trudy Sovmestnoi Sovetsko-Mongol’skoi Paleontologicheskoi Ekspeditsii, 1: 132–191. [In Russian].

Nesov L.A. 1995a. [Dinosaurs of Northern Eurasia: New Data about Assemblages, Ecology and Paleobiogeography]. Saint Petersburg, Izdatelstvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. 156 p. [In Russian].

Nesov L.A. 1995b. On some Mesozoic turtles of the Fergana Depression (Kyrgyzstan) and Dzhungar Alatau Ridge (Kazakhstan). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 2: 134–141.

Nesov L.A. 1997. [Cretaceous Nonmarine Vertebrates of Northern Eurasia] (Posthumous edition by L.B. Golovneva and A.O. Averianov). Saint Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. 218 p. [In Russian].

Nurumov T.N. 1964. [On findings of dinosaur remains in Kazakhstan]. In: P.V. Terentiev (Ed.). [Questions of Herpetology. Materials of Herpetological Conference]. Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta: 49–50. [In Russian].

Riabinin A.N. 1939. [The Upper Cretaceous vertebrate fauna of South Kazakhstan. I. Reptilia. Part. 1. Ornithischia]. Trudy Tsentral’nogo Nauchno-Issledovatel’skogo Geologo-Razvedochnogo Instituta, 118: 3–39. [In Russian].

Rozhdestvensky A.K. 1964. [New data on the localities of dinosaurs on the territory of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia]. Nauchnye Trudy Tashkentskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta imeni V.I. Lenina, Seriya Geologiya, 234: 227–241. [In Russian].

Rozhdestvensky A.K. 1968. [Hadrosaurs of Kazakhstan]. In: [Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic Amphibians and Reptiles of the USSR]. Moscow, Nauka: 97–141. [In Russian].

Rozhdestvensky A.K. and Khozatsky L.I. 1967. [Late Mesozoic terrestrial vertebrates of Asiatic part of the USSR]. In: G.G. Martinson (Ed.). [Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mesozoic and Paleogene-Neogene Continental Deposits of Asiatic Part of the USSR]. Leningrad, Nauka: 82–92. [In Russian].

Syromyatnikova E.V. and Danilov I.G. 2009. New material and a revision of turtles of the genus Adocus (Adocidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 313: 74–94.

Weishampel D.B., Barrett P.M., Coria R.A., Le Loeuff J., Xu X., Zhao X.-J., Sahni A., Gomani E.M. and Noto C.R. 2004. Dinosaur distribution. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson and H. Osmólska (Eds.). The Dinosauria. Second Edition. Berkeley, University of California Press: 517–606. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0027

Xu X., Wang K., Zhao X. and Li D. 2010a. First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55: 1631–1635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-009-3614-5

Xu X., Wang K., Zhao X., Sullivan C. and Chen S. 2010b. A new leptoceratopsid (Ornithischia: Ceratopsia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong, China and its implications for neoceratopsian evolution. PLoS ONE, 5: e13835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013835

Yakovlev D.I. 1929. [Eastern part of Chu-Ili Mountains]. Izvestiya Geologicheskogo Komiteta, 48: 55–81. [In Russian].

Young C.C. 1937. A new dinosaurian from Sinkiang. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C, 105: 1–29.

Yur’ev K.B. 1954. [Short review of dinosaur records on the territory of the USSR]. Uchenye Zapiski Leningradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk, 38: 183–197. [In Russian].