Половой размерный диморфизм у норных пауков-волков (Araneae: Lycosidae)Труды Зоологического института РАН, 2011, 315(3): 274–288 · https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2011.315.3.274 Резюме Данная статья представляет собой обзор различных аспектов полового размерного диморфизма (ПРД) в семействе Lycosidae, но особое внимание уделено норным паукам-волкам. У трех видов рода Zyuzicosa Logunov, 2010 обнаружен сильно выраженный ПРД, при котором размер карликовых самцов составляет половину (или менее) размера самок. Утверждается, что хотя отмеченный случай ПРД приемлемо объясним с помощью модели избирательной смертности, но общее понимание эволюционного происхождения экстремального ПРД следует базировать на основе изучении жизненных циклов организмов в совокупности с особенностями их онтогенеза. Ключевые слова Araneae, экстремальный половой размерный диморфизм, Lycosidae, пауки-волки Поступила в редакцию 19 августа 2011 г. · Принята в печать 29 августа 2011 г. · Опубликована 23 сентября 2011 г. Литература Afanasiev Yu.G. and Gubanov B.A. 1988. [Reserve Karatau]. In: Gvozdev E.V. and Andreichuk A.L. (eds). [New reserves of Kazakhstan]. Alma-Ata, Nauka: 20–33. [In Russian]. Aisenberg A., Costa F.G., Gonzáles M., Postiglioni R. and Pérez-Miles F. 2010a. Sexual dimorphism in chelicerae, forelegs and palpal traits in two burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) with sex-role reversal. Journal of Natural History, 44(19–20): 1189–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222931003632716 Aisenberg A., Baruffaldi L. and Gonzáles M. 2010b. Behavioural evidence of male volatile pheromones in the sex-role revered wolf spiders Allocosa brasiliensis and Allocosa alticeps. Naturwissenschaften, 97: 63–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-009-0612-z Aisenberg A., Viera C. and Costa F.G. 2007. Daring females, devoted males, and reversed sexual size dimorphism in the sand-dwelling spider Allocosa brasiliensis (Araneae, Lycosidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 62: 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-007-0435-x Alderweireldt M. and Jocqué R. 1991a. A remarkable new genus of wolf spiders from southwestern Spain (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 61: 103–111. Alderweireldt M. and Jocqué R. 1991b. New data on Donacosa merlini (Araneae, Lycosidae), a threatened species? Bulletin de la Société neuchâteloise des Sciences naturelles, 116(1): 19–23. Almquist S. 2005. The Swedish Araneae. Part 1. The families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Systematics and Evolution, Supplement, 62: 1–284. Anderson J.F. 1974. Responses to starvation in the spiders Lycosa lenta Hentz and Filistata hibernalis (Hentz). Ecology, 55(3): 576–585. https://doi.org/10.2307/1935148 Andersson M. 1994. Sexual Selection. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 599 p. Ayal Y. 2007. Trophic structure and the role of predation in shaping hot desert communities. Journal of Arid Environments, 68: 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.013 Babaev A.G., Zonn I.S., Drozdov N.N. and Freikin Z.G. 1986. [Deserts, Nature of the World]. Moscow, Mysl, 320 p. [In Russian]. Badyaev A.V. 2002. Growing apart: an ontogenetic perspective on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 17(8): 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02569-7 Barrientos J.A. 1981. Discussion preliminaire du genre Lycosa Latr. 1804 dans la péninsula Ibérique. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, ser. B., 88 (suppl.): 204–208. Bartos M. 2005. The life history of Yllenus arenarius (Araneae, Salticidae) – evidence for sympatric populations isolated by the year of maturation. Journal of Arachnology, 33: 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1636/04-73.1 Blanckenhorn W.U. 2000. The evolution of body size: what keeps organisms small? The quarterly review of biology, 75(4): 385–407. https://doi.org/10.1086/393620 Blanckenhorn W.U. 2005. Behavioural causes and consequences of sexual size dimorphism. Ethology, 111: 977–1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01147.x Blanckenhorn W.U., Dixon A.F.G., Fairbairn D.J., Foellmer M.W., Gibert P., van der Linde K., Meier R., Nylin S., Pitnick S., Schoff C., Singorelli M., Teder T. and Wiklund C. 2007. Proximate causes of Rensch’s rule: does sexual size dimorphism in arthropods result from sex difference in development time? The American Naturalist, 169(2): 245–257. https://doi.org/10.1086/510597 Cloudsley-Thompson J.L. 1983. Desert adaptations in spiders. Journal of Arid Environments, 6: 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31410-1 Coddington J.A., Hormiga G. and Scharff N. 1997. Giant female or dwarf male spiders? Nature, 385: 687–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/385687a0 Conley M.R. 1985. Predation versus resource limitation in survival of adult burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Oecologia, 67: 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00378453 Culik B.M. and McQueen D.J. 1984. Monitoring respiration and activity in the spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock) using time-lapse television and CO2 gas analysis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63: 843–846. https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-124 Doleš P., Kubcová L. and Buchar J. 2008. Subterranean life of Arctosa lutetiana (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36: 202–203. https://doi.org/10.1636/St07-33SC.1 Dondale C.D. 1986. The subfamilies of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Actas X Congress International Aracnology, 1: 327–332. Dondale C.D. and Redner J.H. 1990. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska. The Insects and arachnids of Canada, part 17. Ottawa: Canada, 383 p. Fairbairn D.J. 1997. Allometry for sexual size dimorphism: patter and process in the coevolution of body size in males and females. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 28: 659–687. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.659 Fairbairn D.J. 2007. Introduction: the enigma of sexual dimorphism. In: Fairbairn D.J., Blanckenhorn W.U. and Székely T. (eds). Sex, size, and gender roles. Evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism. Oxford, University Press: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208784.003.0001 Fernández-Montraveta C. and Cuadrado M. 2003. Timing and patterns of mating in a free-ranging population of Lycosa tarantula (Araneae, Lycosidae) from central Spain. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81: 552–555. https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-015 Fernández-Montraveta C., Lahoz-Beltra R. and Ortega J. 1991. Spatial distribution of Lycosa tarentula fasciiventris (Araneae, Lycosidae) in a population from central Spain. Journal of Arachnology, 19: 73–79. Fernández-Montraveta C. and Moya-Laraño J. 2007. Sex-specific plasticity of growth and maturation size in a spider: implication for sexual size dimorphism. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 20: 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01399.x Fernández-Montraveta C. and Ortega J. 1993. Sex differences in the agonistic behaviour of a lycosid spider (Araneae Lycosidae). Ethology Ecology and Evolution, 5: 293–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1993.9523017 Foelix R.F. 2011. Biology of spiders (third edition). New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 419 p. Foellmer M.W. and Moya-Laraño J. 2007. Sexual size dimorphism in spiders: patterns and processes. In: Fairbairn D.J., Blanckenhorn W.U. and Székely T. (eds). Sex, size, and gender roles. Evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism. Oxford, University Press: 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199208784.003.0008 Framenau V.W. 2005. Gender specific differences in activity and home range reflect morphological dimorphism in wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 33: 334–346. https://doi.org/10.1636/04-57.1 Framenau V.W., Gotch T.B. and Austin A.D. 2006. The wolf spiders of artesian springs in arid South Australia, with a revalidation of Tetralycosa (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 34(1): 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1636/H03-72.1 Francescoli G. and Costa F.G. 1991. Postemergence development in Lycosa carbonelli Costa and Capocasale, L. thorelli (Keyserling), and their hybrid progeny (Araneae, Lycosidae): a comparative laboratory study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70: 380–384. https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-056 Fuhn I.E. and Niculescu-Burlacu F. 1971. Fam. Lycosidae. Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania (Arachnida), 5(3): 1–253. Gasnier T.R., Azevedo C.S., Torres-Sanchez M.P. and Höfer H. 2002. Adult size of eight hunting spider species in Central Amazonia: temporal variations and sexual dimorphism. Journal of Arachnology, 30: 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0146:ASOEHS]2.0.CO;2 Ghiselin M.T. 1974. The economy of nature and the evolution of sex. Berkeley, University of California Press, 346 p. Groner E. and Ayal Y. 2001. The interaction between bird predation and plant cover in determining habitat occupancy of darkling beetles. Oikos, 93: 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.930102.x Head G. 1995. Selection on fecundity and variation in the degree of sexual size dimorphism among spider species (class Araneae). Evolution, 49(4): 776–781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb02313.x Hedrick A.V. and Temeles E.J. 1989. The evolution of sexual dimorphism in animals: hypotheses and tests. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 4(5): 136–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90212-7 Henschel J.R. and Lubin Y.D. 1997. A test of habitat selection at two spatial scales in a sit-and-wait predator: a web spider in the Namib Desert dunes. Journal of Animal Ecology, 66: 401–413. https://doi.org/10.2307/5985 Higgins L.E. and Rankin M.A. 1996. Different pathways in arthropod postembryonic development. Evolution, 50(2): 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03869.x Hoffmann A.A. and Merilä J. 1999. Heritable variation and evolution under favourable and unfavourable conditions. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 14(3): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01595-5 Hollander J. den 1971. Life histories of species in the Pardosa pullata group, a study of ten populations in the Netherlands (Araneae, Lycosidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 114(8): 255–281. Hormiga G., Scharff N. and Coddington J.A. 2000. The phylogenetic basis of sexual size dimorphism in orb-weaving spiders (Araneae, Orbiculariae). Systematic Biology, 49(3): 435–462. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635159950127330 Høye T.T., Hammel J.U., Fuchs T. and Toft S. 2009. Climate change and sexual size dimorphism in an Arctic spider. Biology letters, published online https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0169 Huber B.A. 2005. Sexual selection research on spiders: progress and biases. Biological Reviews, 80: 363–385. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793104006700 Humphreys W.F. 1975. The influence of burrowing and thermoregulatory behaviour on the water relations of Geolycosa godeffroyi (Araneae: Lycosidae), an Australian wolf spider. Oecologia, 21: 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345823 Humphreys W.F. 1978. The thermal biology of Geolycosa godeffroyi and other burrow inhabiting Lycosidae (Araneae) in Australia. Oecologia, 31: 319–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346251 Jespersen L.B. and Toft S. 2003. Compensatory growth following early nutritional stress in the wolf spider Pardosa prativaga. Functional Ecology, 17: 737–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2003.00788.x Jocqué R. 1983. A mechanism explaining sexual size dimorphism in spiders. Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonaea, 51: 104–115. Jocqué R. 2002. Genitalic polymorphism – a challenge for taxonomy. Journal of Arachnology, 30: 298–306. https://doi.org/10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0298:GPACFT]2.0.CO;2 Kotiaho J.S. 1998. Sexual differences in metabolic rates of spiders, Journal of Arachnology, 26: 401–404. Kuenzler E.J. 1958. Niche relations of three species of lycosid spiders. Ecology, 39(3): 494–500. https://doi.org/10.2307/1931759 Levy G. 1970. The life cycle of Thomisus onustus (Thomisidae: Araneae) and outlines for the classification of the life histories of spiders. Journal of Zoology, 160: 523–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb03095.x Li D. and Jackson R.R. 1996. How temperature affects development and reproduction in spiders: a review. Journal of Thermal Biology, 21(4): 245–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(96)00009-5 Logunov D.V. 2010. On new Central Asian genus and species of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) exhibiting a pronounced sexual size dimorphism. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS, 314(3): 233–263. Lubin Y.D., Birkhofer K., Berger-Tal R. and Bilde T. 2009. Limited male dispersal in a social spider with extreme inbreeding. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 97: 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01190.x Lubin, Y.D., Henschel J.R. and Baker M.B. 2001. Cost of aggregation: shadow competition in a sit-and-wait predator. Oikos, 95: 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.950107.x Main B.Y. 1984. Spiders. Sydney, Collins, 296 p. Main B.Y. 1990. Dwarf males in mygalomorph spiders: adaptation to environmental hazard. Acta Zooloogica Fennica, 190: 273–278. Maklakov A.A., Bilde T. and Lubin Y.D. 2004. Sexual selection for increased male body size and protandry in a spider. Animal Behaviour, 68: 1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.02.010 Marikovski P.I. 1956. [Tarantul and Karakurt]. Frunze, AN KirgSSR, 281 p. [In Russian]. Marshall S.D. 1995. Natural history, activity patterns, and relocation rates of a burrowing wolf spider: Geolycosa xera archboldi (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 23: 65–70. Marshall S.D. and Gittleman J.L. 1994. Clutch size in spiders: is more better? Functional Ecology, 8: 118–124. https://doi.org/10.2307/2390120 Marusik Yu.M., Kovblyuk M.M. and Koponen S. 2011. A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae). ZooKeys, 119: 11–27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706 Marusik Yu.M., Logunov D.V. and Koponen S. 2000. Spiders of Tuva, South Siberia. Magadan: IBPN FEB RAS, 252 p. Mas de E., Ribera C. and Moya-Laraño J. 2009. Resurrecting the differential mortality model of sexual size dimorphism. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 22: 1739–1749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01786.x Mayntz D. and Toft S. 2001. Nutrient composition of the prey’s diet affects growth and survivorship of a generalist predator. Oecologia, 127: 207–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000591 McCrone J.D. 1963. Taxonomic status and evolutionary history of the Geolycosa pikei complex in the southeastern United States (Araneae, Lycosidae). The American Midland Naturalist, 70(1): 47–73. https://doi.org/10.2307/2422771 McQueen D.J. 1978. Field studies of growth, reproduction, and mortality in the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa domifex (Hancock). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56: 2037–2049. https://doi.org/10.1139/z78-274 Mikhailov K.G. 1995. [Size sex dimorphism (“male dwarfism”) in spiders: a review of the problem]. Arthropoda Selecta, 4(3/4): 51–60. [In Russian]. Miller G.L. 1989. Subsocial organization and behavior in broods of the obligate burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa turricola (Treat). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67: 819–824. https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-120 Miller G.L. and Miller P.R. 1984. Correlations of burrow characteristics and body size in burrowing wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). Florida Entomologist, 67(2): 314–317. https://doi.org/10.2307/3493955 Murphy N.P., Framenau V.W., Donnellan S.C., Harvey M.S., Park Y.C. and Austin A.D. 2006. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) using sequences from the 12S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and NADH1 genes: implications for classification, biogeogreaphy, and the evolution of web building behaviour. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 28: 583–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.004 Nielsen E. 1932. The biology of spiders, with special reference to the Danish fauna Vols I–II. Copenhagen, Levin and Munksgaard, 248, 723 p. Platnick N. 2011. The World Spider Catalog, Version 11.0, (Lycosidae pages last updated June 13th 2011), American Museum of Natural History. Online at: http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/INTRO1.html (accessed 15.08.2011). Prenter J., Elwood R.W. and Montgomery W.I. 1997. No association between sexual size dimorphism and life histories in spiders. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Biology, 265: 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0264 Prenter J., Elwood R.W. and Montgomery W.I. 1999. Sexual size dimorphism and reproduction investment by female spiders: a comparative analysis. Evolution, 53(6): 1987–1994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04580.x Punzo F. 2000. Desert arthropods: life history variations. Berlin, Springer – Verlag, 230 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04090-4 Punzo F. 2007. Spiders: biology, ecology, natural history and behavior. Leiden – Boston, Brill, 428 p. Schaefer M. 1987. Life cycles and diapauses. In: W. Nentwig (ed.). Ecophysiology of spiders. Berlin, Springer – Verlag: 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71552-5_25 Shine R. 1988. The evolution of large body size in females: a critique of Darwin’s “fecundity advantage” model. The American Naturalist, 131(1): 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1086/284778 Shine R. 1989. Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 64(4): 419–461. https://doi.org/10.1086/416458 Shook R.S. 1978. Ecology of the wolf spider, Lycosa carolinensis Walckenaer (Araneae, Lycosidae) in a desert community. Journal of Arachnology, 6: 53–64. Simon E. 1876. Etudes arachnologiques 4e memoire VII revision de especes Europeenes du groupe de la Lycosa tarantula Rossi. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 5(6): 57–91. Stratton G.E. 1984. Differences in maturation rates of Schizocosa ocreata, Schizocosa rovneri, their F1 and F2 hybrids and backcross progeny (Araneae: Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 6(5): 193–199. Uhl G., Schmitt S., Schäfer M.A. and Blanckenhorn W. 2004. Food and sex-specific growth strategies in a spider. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 6: 523–540. Uetz G.W., Bischoff J. and Raver J. 1992. Survivorship of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) reared on different diets. Journal of Arachnology, 20: 207–211. Vollrath F. 1987. Growth, foraging and reproductive success. In: W. Nentwig (ed.). Ecophysiology of spiders. Berlin, Springer – Verlag: 357–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71552-5_27 Vollrath F. 1998. Dwarf males. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 13(4): 159–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01283-4 Vollrath F. and Parker G.A. 1992. Sexual dimorphism and distorted sex rations in spiders. Nature, 360: 156–159. https://doi.org/10.1038/360156a0 Vollrath F. and Parker G.A. 1997. Reply to Coddington et al. Nature, 385: 688. https://doi.org/10.1038/385688a0 Wagner N.P. 1868. [Observations on tarantula (Lycosa latreillei Koch) occurring in Russia]. Trudy I s’ezda russkikh estestvoispytatelei, Otdelenie zoologii, Saint-Petersburg: 240–262. [In Russian]. Walker S.A. and Irwin J.T. 2006. Sexual dimorphism in the metabolic rate of two species of wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 34: 368–373. https://doi.org/10.1636/S04-19.1 Walker S.A., Marshall S.D., Rypstra A.L. and Taylor D.H. 1999. The effects of hunger on locomotory behaviour in two species of wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae). Animal Behaviour, 58: 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1180 Walker S.A. and Rypstra A.L. 2001. Sexual dimorphism in functional response and trophic morphology in Rabidosa rabida (Araneae: Lycosidae). American Midland Naturalist, 146: 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2001)146[0161:SDIFRA]2.0.CO;2 Walker S.A. and Rypstra A.L. 2002. Sexual dimorphism in trophic morphology and feeding behaviour of wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) as a result of differences in reproductive roles. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80: 679–688. https://doi.org/10.1139/z02-037 Walker S.A. and Rypstra A.L. 2003. Sexual dimorphism and the differential mortality model: is behaviour related to survival? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 78: 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00134.x Wise D.H. 1995. Spiders in ecological webs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 328 pp. Zufarov K.E. (ed.) 1981. [Uzbek Soviet Socialistic Republic. Encyclopaedia in one volume]. Tashkent, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Uzbek Soviet Encylopaedia, 560 pp. [In Russian]. Zyuzin A.A. 1985. [Generic and subfamilial criteria in the systematics of the spider family Lycosidae (Aranei), with the description of a new genus and two new subfamilies]. Trudy zoologicheskogo Instituta, Leningrad, 139: 40–51. [In Russian]. Zyuzin A.A. 1990. Studies on burrowing spiders of the family Lycosidae (Araneae). I. Preliminary data on structural and functional features. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 190: 419–422. Zyuzin A.A. 1993. Studies on the wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae). I. A new genus and new species from Kazakhstan, with comments on the Lycosinae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 33(2): 693–700. Zyuzin A.A. and Logunov D.V. 2000. New and little-known species of the Lycosidae from Azerbaijan, the Caucasus (Araneae, Lycosidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 11(8): 305–319.
|
© Зоологический институт Российской академии наук
|