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The primary parasitic relations between the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei (L.) and man are confirmed indirectly by the presence in the family Sarcoptidae of close genera, members of which parasitize primates. Judging from the composition of domestic and wild animals-hosts, the source of their infection with S. scabiei was man that gave rise to numerous forms of mites specific to individual species of hosts or their related groups belonging to different taxonomic ranks. Three types of hostal relations and, accordingly, forms of sarcoptosis are suggested at the infection from an alien host: pseudosarcoptosis, temporary self-curable and typical ligering sarcoptosis. The ways of reinfection, invasiveness of stages of the mite and clinical picture for each form of the disease are analyzed.

When infected with cultures of plague microbe reared at 28° С the experimental fleas showed no reliable differences in the mortality as compared to control ones. By contrast, the infection with agent cultures reared at 37° С as well as the infection on agonizing white mice caused a statistically reliable increase in the mortality in insects of both sexes. In the groups of fleas infected on white mice the most intensive mortality was observed during the first 24 hours after the infectious feeding that, apparently, is connected with the effect of toxins present in the blood of agonizing animals.

The nervous system of P. atomon cercariae has been studied by the methods of histochemical vizualisation of cholinesterase activity and biogenic monoamines. The nervous system is of orthogon-like type with the brain ganglion and three pairs of longitudinal strands connected by circular comissures. Three pairs of catecholamine containing neurones were found. Their processes were detected in the ganglion, ventral strands and short parts of lateral strands and one of the comissures. The results are compared to those known for other cercariae. Possible functions of the detected nervous elements are discussed.

Eggs of 13 species of helminths were found in Quaternary deposits of ungulates' and rodents' feces. Their description is given. A technique for isolation of eggs from the samples in suggested. The field of application of the paleoparasitological method is discussed.

11 species of cestode larvae belonging to the families Phyllobothriidae, Tentaculariidae and Hepatoxylidae were found in squids from the South African oceanic waters. Data on morphology of plerocercoids as well as frequency of occurrence for squid cestodes are given.

The effect of different levels of infection with Dactylogyrus extensus and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on morphometric indices, protein content and activity of some hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase, alkaline and acid phosphatase) in the blood serum, gills and intestine of carp (young-of-the year, yearlings, biennials) was investigated. Proteolytic and acid phosphatase activity in the intestine of heavily infected young-of-the year (an average of 30 specimens of Dactylogyrus and 20 specimens of Ichthyophthirius per fish) was found to be definitely lower than in poorly infected individuals (4 specimens of Dactylogyrus). Poorly infected yearlings (3 specimens of Dactylogyrus and Ichthyophthirius) have shown a reliable decrease in the protein level of the blood serum and an increase in the protein content of the intestinal wall as compared to noninfected carps. In the intestine of infected fishes there was observed a decrease in lipase and phosphatase activity. The comparison of heavily infected biennials (325 specimens of Dactylogyrus and 44 specimens of Ichthyophthirius) with noninfected fishes has shown a decrease in body mass and fatness of infected fishes, changes in the protein level, proteolytic and phosphatase activity of the intestine and blood serum of fishes.

Daily rhythms of emission of Bunodera luciopercae and Phyllodistomum elongatum cercariae were studied on 130 molluscs of Pisidium amnicum. Observations were conducted on the 11th of June to December. Most B. luciopercae cercariae emerge at light time of the day and a definite regularity is traced in their emission. In June the emission peak takes place in the morning (from 5 to 7 a.m.), in July in the evening (from 5 to 7 p.m.), in August and September about midday (from 9 to 11 a.m.). Large and small Ph. elongatum cercariae have different rhythms of emission. Large cercariae emerge from molluscs in the twilight and at night. The peak of emergence is shifted from the evening twilight in July (from 7 to 9 p.m.) to the morning twilight in September (from 5 to 7 a.m.) and further on to the light time of the day in December (from 9 to 11 a.m.). In small cercariae the emergence in June and July is timed to the dark period of the day and in August and September to the light one. The emission rhythm of cercariae of both species at the common parasitism on one mollusc has been traced. The rhythm of emergence for each species looks the same as during the single invasion in the same month. The emergence of cercariae is quite distinct in time: B. luciopercae emerges at the light time of the day and Ph. elongatum in the twilight. It is suggested that the emission rhythm of B. luciopercae cercariae is associated with the filtration activity rhythm of the mollusc. The dynamics of emergence of Ph. elongatum cercariae is regulated by the light regime. In moderate latitudes in different months the twilight sets in at different time. Following the twilight the emergence peak of cercariae shifts as well.

A description of the female, pupa and larva of Montisimulium asulkatum from South Kazakhstan is given. The photomap of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes is constructed.

A description and differential diagnosis are given of three new species and one subspecies of the genus Steatonyssus parasitic on Chiroptera. The material was collected primarily in the Osh region of Kirgyzstan. The type material is preserved in the Zoological Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Russia, St. Petersburg.

Three new species of Myxosporidia, Ceratomyxa marine, C. sympetala and Alatospora bialata, are described from the gall bladder of Lepidopsetta bilineata. Ceratomyxa auerbachi Kabata, 1962 and Parvicapsula unicornis Kabata, 1962 are first reported for this host and from a new region.

Blastocysts tentatively assigned to the species Blastocystis galli were found in the turkey Meleagris gallopavo from Tadjikistan and Uzbekistan. Length and width of blastocysts from turkeys vary in a wider range (2.5—55.1 X 2.5—51.3 mkm) than length and width of blastocysts from hens. The shape of blastocysts varies from round and oval to ellipsoid and amoeboid.

Electron microscope studies of the nerve system of the suckers in three species of cestodes of the family Hymenolepididae, Gastrotaenia dogieli (Gynezinskaja, 1944), Diorchis stefanskii Czaplinskii, 1956 and Sobolevicanthus spasskii Kornyushin, 1969, have revealed a new type of sensory endings unusual for this class of plathyhelminths. The sensory endings are characterized by subtegumental location, elongated ovoid shape, the presence of compact central body formed by differently oriented fibrils, thin-fibrillary bundles between the central body and numerous supporting rings with cross-striation in the base and by the absence of apparent desmosomal links between membranes of the ending and the tegument. Presumably these endings in species localized in the intestine provide for the regulation of the adhesion of suckers to the substrate, while in the reduced suckers of G. dogieli they provide for the motion of the cestode under the cuticle of the stomach.

Description, figures and differential diagnosis of a new trematode species Myzoxenus accidentalis found in the chimaera Hydrolagus ogilbyi in the south part of the Pacific are given.

The trematode species Wedlia orientalis Yamaguti, 1934 from gills and the intestine wall of tunnies of the Pacific is transferred to the genus Koellikerioides Yamaguti, 1970. The redescription of the species and original figures are given.

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