Caspian Sea Biodiversity Project under umbrella of Caspian Sea Environment Program


|  Biodiversity Report  |  Chronology  |  Sources  |  Collections  |  Check-Lists  |  Contacts  |


Non-indigenous animals in the Caspian Sea

by N. Aladin, N. Bogutskaya, M. Orlova, I. Plotnikov

 

Species

Ecological group

Donor area

Naturalization

Source of introduction

Vector of introduction

Years of introduction/ registration

Coelenterata

Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910

biofouling, meroplankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1956

Bougainvillia megas Kinne, 1896

biofouling, meroplankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1956

Moerisia maeotica Ostroumov, 1896

biofouling, meroplankton

Black Sea

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1950s?

Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758)

plankton, benthos

Black Sea

+?

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1999?

Ctenophora

Mnemiopsis leydyi Agassiz, 1865

plankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1999

Beroe ovata Mayer, 1912

plankton

North America

+?

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

2000?

Beroe cucumis Fabricius, 1780

plankton

North America

+?

?

shipping

2005?

Turbellaria

Pentacelum caspium Beklemishev

benthos

Mediterranean

?

?

?

1940s?

Trematoda

Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1899)

parasite

Black Sea

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

parasite transferring with host

1980-90s?

Plagiorchis entamiatis Shulz, 1931

parasite

?

+

?

parasite transferring with host

1960s

Rossicotrema donicum Skrjabin et Lindtrop, 1919

parasite

Black Sea

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

parasite transferring with host

1980-90s?

Nicolla scriabini Iwanitzky, 1928

parasite

Black Sea

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

parasite transferring with host

1980-90s?

Haploporus longicollum Wlassenko, 1931

parasite

Black Sea

+

Black Sea

unintentional introduction

1930s

Saccocoelium obessum Fischthal et Kuntz, 1963

parasite

Black Sea

+

Black Sea

unintentional introduction

1930s

Haplosplanchnus pachyma Eysenhardt, 1829

parasite

Black Sea

+

Black Sea

unintentional introduction

1930s

Polychaeta

Hediste diversicolor (Müller, 1776)

benthos

Eurasia?

+

Sea of Azov

introduction

1940

Ficopotamus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923)

benthos

Mediterranean

     

1960

Mollusca

Mytilaster lineatus (Gmelin, 1791)

biofouling

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea

by railway

1920s

Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897)

biofouling

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1994

Abra ovata (Philippi, 1893)

benthos

Mediterranean

+

Sea of Azov

introduction

1940s

Monodacna colorata (Eichwald, 1829)

benthos

Black Sea

+

Black Sea

shipping

1950s

Lithogliphus naticoides C. Pfeiffer, 1828

benthos

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1971

Tenellia adspersa (Nordmann, 1844)

biofouling

Mediterranean

+(?)

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1989

Crustacea (Cirripedia)

Balanus improvisus Darwin, 1854

biofouling, meroplankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1955

Balanus eburneus Gould, 1841

biofouling, meroplankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1950s

Crustacea (Cladocera)

Penilia avirostris Dana, 1849

plankton

Black Sea

+(?)

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping?

1982?

Pleopis polyphemoides (Leukart, 1859)

plankton

Black Sea

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1957

Podon intermedius Lilljeborg, 1853

plankton

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1985

Moina mongolica Daday, 1901

plankton

Eurasia

+?

Kazakhstan?

aeolian transfer

2000?

Crustacea (Copepoda)

Acartia clausi Giesbrecht, 1889

plankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1981

Acartia tonsa Dana, 1848

plankton

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

2000

Oithona similis Claus 1963

plankton

Black Sea

?

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

before 2004

Calanus euxinus (Hulsemann)

plankton

Black Sea

?

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

before 2004

Sagitta setosa Muller 1847

plankton

Black Sea

?

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

before 2004

Calanipeda aquaedulcis Kritchagin, 1873

plankton

Mediterranean

?

?

?

1968

Crustacea (Amphipoda)

Iphigenella shablensis (Carausu, 1943)

plankton

Black Sea

?

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

2000

Corophium оrientalis Stock, 1960

plankton

Mediterranean

?

?

shipping

2000

Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1966)

nektobenthos

Black Sea

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

?

1950-60s

Crustacea (Decapoda)

Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837

nektobenthos

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea

unintentional introduction

1930s

P. adspersus Rathke, 1837

nektobenthos

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea

unintentional introduction

1930s

Rhitropanopeus harrisi tridentata Maitland, 1874

benthos

North America

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1950s

Bryozoa

Lophopodella carteri (Hyatt, 1866)

benthos, biofouling

Indian-African

+

?

??

1960s

Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1828)

biofouling

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1958

Membranipora crustulenta (Pallas, 1766)

biofouling

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1950s

Bowerbankia imbricata (Adams, 1798)

biofouling

Mediterranean

     

1959

Kamptozoa

Barentsia benedeni Foetinger, 1886

biofouling

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea and Sea of Azov

shipping

1962

Pisces

Acipenser baerii baicalensis Nikolsky, 1896

nekton

Siberia

-

?

introduction

1930s

Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)

nekton

North America

-

North America

introduction

1970s

Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus, 1758)

nekton

Atlantic

-

Europe

introduction

?1930s

Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844)

nekton

East Asia

?+

China/Europe

introduction

1955-1956

Hypophthalmichtys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844)

nekton

East Asia

+

China

introduction

1964-1977

Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1844)

nekton

East Asia

+

China

introduction

1964-1977

Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855)

nekton

East Asia

+

China/Europe

unintentional introduction

1950-60s

Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)

nekton

East Asia

+

?

introduction

?1930s

Stenodus leucichthys nelma (Pallas, 1773)

nekton

Arctic

-

Ob’

introduction

1965

Oncorhyncus keta (Walbaum, 1792)

nekton

Pacific

-

North-East Asia

introduction

1962-1966

Oncorhyncus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792)

nekton

Pacific

-

North-East Asia

introduction

1964

Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792)

nekton

Pacific

-

?

introduction

1975-1978

Parasalmo mikiss gairdneri Richardson 1863

nekton

Pacific

-

?

introduction

1975-1978

Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758

nekton

Atlantic

-

?White Sea

introduction

?

Liza aurata (Risso, 1810)

nekton

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea

introduction

1930-1934

Liza haematocheilus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845)

nekton

Pacific

-

Black Sea

introduction

1966, 1979

Liza saliens (Risso, 1810)

nekton

Mediterranean

+

Black Sea

introduction

1930-1934

Gambusia affinis (Baird et Girard, 1853)

nekton

North America

+

North America

? introduction

?1930s

Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859

nekton

North America

+

North America

? introduction

?1930s

Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758

nekton

Europe

+

?

introduction and dispersal

?

Platichthys flesus luscus Pallas, 1811

nekton

Mediterranean

-

Black Sea

shipping

1902, 1930s

Psetta maeotica (Pallas, 1814)

nekton

Mediterranean

-

Black Sea

introduction

1930

Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758

nekton

Atlantic

-

Black Sea

introduction

1902

Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)

nekton

Mediterranean

-

Black Sea

introduction

1933-1934

Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758

nekton

Mediterranean

-

Black Sea

introduction

1933-1934

Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)

nekton

North America

?

USA

introduction

1972