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Robin Kundrata, Milada Bocakova, Ladislav Bocak. 2014.
The comprehensive phylogeny of the superfamily Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Elateriformia).
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2014, 76: 162-171.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.012
© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Abstract
Elateriformia consists of Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea (jewel beetles),
Byrrhoidea and Elateroidea (click beetles,
fireflies and relatives).
The Elateroidea with ~24,000 described species form a substantial
part of the series Elateriformia and belong to major and oldest
Polyphagan lineages (Ponomarenko, 1995; Bocak et al., 2014).
Numerous elateroid lineages contain taxa with modified metamorphosis resulting
in sexual maturity while retaining larval characters. Additionally, they evolved unique defensive
strategies including clicking mechanism, aposematic coloration and bioluminescence. To investigate the
phylogenetic position of Elateroidea within Coleoptera, we merged 1048 newly produced 18S rRNA, 28S
rRNA, rrnL mtDNA, and cox1 mtDNA sequences for 300 elateriform taxa with data from GenBank. The
975-taxa dataset aligned in BlastAlign was analyzed under maximum likelihood criterion. The results
agreed in most aspects with the current morphology-based classification and results of molecular studies.
Elateriformia were monophyletic and Elateroidea were sister to Byrrhoidea. Further, we analyzed all-data
(513 elateriform taxa) and pruned matrix (417 elateriform taxa, all fragments present) using parsimony and
maximum likelihood methods to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among elateroid lineages and examine
the evolution of soft-bodiedness, neoteny and bioluminescence. We confirmed the monophyly of
Elateroidea sensu lato and most of the families, with Telegeusidae inferred in most trees within paraphyletic
Omethidae. The clade Artematopodidae + Telegeusidae + Omethidae was a sister to remaining elateroids.
All topologies reject the relationships of hard-bodied Elateridae, Eucnemidae, Throscidae and Cerophytidae,
formerly supposed to be a monophylum. Eucnemidae and Throscidae formed independent lineages
and the position of Cerophytidae was variable Ö either a sister to Throscidae, or an independent lineage.
The Lampyridae + Cantharidae clade was in most trees sister to Phengodidae + Rhagophthalmidae + Omalisidae
+ Elateridae. Molecular phylogeny of Elateroidea confirmed the multiple origins of soft-bodied,
neotenic and light emiting lineages. On the basis of our molecular phylogeny, we place former Telegeusidae
as a subfamily in Omethidae.