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DOUGLAS YANEGA, DAVID OLSON, SHARON SHUTE, ZIRO KOMIYA The Xixuthrus species of Fiji (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae) Zootaxa, 777: 1-10 (2004) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright (c) 2004 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Abstract There have been four species of the cerambycid genus Xixuthrus described from the Fijian archipelago; X. heros (Heer), X. terribilis Thomson, X. ganglbaueri Lameere, and X. heyrovskyi Tippmann. Over time, X. terribilis had been reduced to synonymy, and it had been suggested that X. ganglbaueri was probably from New Guinea rather than Fiji. We here re-establish the validity of X. terribilis, place X. heyrovskyi in synonymy with it, and designate a neotype for X. ganglbaueri to resolve both the species identity and its geographic provenance. Diagnoses of the three confirmed Fijian species are presented, including digital images of type specimens, and notes on temporal and spatial distribution. Key words: Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Xixuthrus, Fiji, Australasia, conservation Introduction Recent interest in developing conservation protocols for rare and endangered wildlife endemic to the Fijian archipelago has, among other things, renewed interest in those members of the cerambycid beetle genus Xixuthrus Thomson that occur there. These were, up until recently, believed to comprise only the Giant Fijian Longhorn Beetle, X. heros (Heer, 1868), and the Taveuni Beetle, X. heyrovskyi Tippmann, 1945 (Dillon & Dillon, 1952). The former is often regarded as the world's second largest beetle species, with specimens sometimes reaching 14 to 15 cm in body length; their size and apparent rarity has made them quite sought-after among beetle collectors, with specimens commanding very high prices, and some websites have even put forth the possibility that the species is extinct. Recent reports (e.g. Ryan et al., 1989) that X. costatus Montrouzier, a species from the Solomon Islands, also occurred in Fiji were, upon closer investigation, based on misidentifications, and there was clearly a need to review the taxonomy and biogeography of this genus in Fiji. A thorough review of original literature, museum holdings, and a public reward program initiated in Fiji has revealed that not only is heros not extinct, but that there are at least three species of Xixuthrus presently occurring in Fiji, all of them having been originally described as Fijian, one of them essentially unrecognized for the last century.
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