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Callisthenes (Callisphaena) reticulatus |
Genus CALLISTHENES Fischer von Waldheim, 1821
Type species: Callisthenes panderi Fischer von Waldheim, 1822 (monobasic)
DESCRIPTION: Fischer von Waldheim G. 1821. Lettre adressee au nom de la Societee imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, a 'l'un de ses membres M. le Docteur Chretien - Henri Pander, par Gotthelf Fischer de Waldheim, directeur de la Societee; contenant une Notice sur un nouveau genre d'Oiseau et sur plusieurs noveaux Insectes. Moscou: 15 pp.
Type species: Callisthenes panderi Fischer von Waldheim, 1822 (monobasic)
DIAGNOSIS: Wings reduced. Head thickened or strongly thickened, frontal furrows deep or shallow. Frons, vertex and neck nearly smooth or with coarse punctures and wrinkles; labrum slightly wider or not wider than clypeus, moderately or strongly notched. Prothorax transverse, usually convex. Pronotum with sparse coarse punctures and wrinkles or nearly smooth. Elytrae oval, short-oval or oblong-oval, usually convex or moderately convex; shoulders rounded. Elytral sculpture vary from triploid to pentaploid; elytral interspaces uniform, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into short transverse links; rarely primary interspaces a little more developed. In some species elytral sculpture strongly smoothed. Sometimes elytral sculpture homodynamous, coarse-granular; primary foveoles usually indistinct or in some species distinct. Elytral suture sometimes elevated in about the middle. Fore male tarsi with two or three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Coloration blue, dark blue, blue-violaceous, violaceous, black, black with blue, bronze or green lustre, bronze or green; ventral body surface black, dark brown or blue, sometimes black with blue, violaceous or green lustre.
The subgenus is represented by 24 species: C. (s. str.) panderi Fischer von Waldheim, 1822, C. (s. str.) karelini Fischer von Waldheim, 1830, C. (s. str.) declivis Dohrn, 1884, C. (s. str.) pavlovskii Kryzhanovskij, 1955, C. (s. str.) akkolicus Obydov et Gottwald, 2002, C. (s. str.) elegans Kirsh, 1859, C. (s. str.) karagaicus Lapuoge, 1924, C. (s. str.) subtilestriatus (Mandl, 1954), C. (s. str.) kuschakewitschi Ballion, 1870, C. (s. str.) glasunowi (Semenov, 1900), C. (s. str.) regelianus (A. Morawitz, 1886), C. (s. str.) mirificus Casale, 1979, C. (s. str.) klapperichi (Mandl, 1955), C. (s. str.) usgentensis (Solsky, 1874), C. (s. str.) marginatus Gebler, 1830, C. (s. str.) pseudocarabus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Redikorzev, 1928), C. (s. str.) breviusculus (Mannerheim, 1830), C. (s. str.) substriatus Motschulsky, 1859, C. (s. str.) pumicatus (Lapouge, 1907), C. (s. str.) eversmanni (Chaudoir, 1850), C. (s. str.) peksi (Heinz et Pavesi, 1994), C. (s. str.) anthrax (Semenov, 1900), C. (s. str.) grumi (Semenov, 1900) and C. (s. str.) fischeri Fischer von Waldheim, 1842.
In the present work subgenus Callisthenes s. str. is divided on 7 species groups: Callisthenes panderi species group (5 species), Callisthenes elegans species group (3 species), Callisthenes kuschakewitschi species group (2 species), Callisthenes usgentensis species group (4 species), Callisthenes marginatus species group (2 species), Callisthenes breviusculus species group (3 species) and Callisthenes eversmanni species group (2 species). Each of the eastern species: Callisthenes (s. str.) anthrax (Semenov, 1900), Callisthenes (s. str.) grumi (Semenov, 1900) and Callisthenes (s. str.) fischeri Fischer von Waldheim, 1842 is rather peculiar morphologically and does not belong to any species group.
REMARKS: The species of the subgenus nearly do not differ by the male genital structure, except Callisthenes marginatus species group, which are very peculiar morphologically and show some similarity with Balkanian subgenus Microcallisthenes Apf. in genital structure, and can be possible allocated in a separate subgenus.
Callisthenes panderi species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles of moderately large size (18-24 mm). Head thick or slightly thick; eyes convex, mandibles elongate, incurved near apex; frontal furrows usually short and shallow. Labrum slightly wider, rarely not wider than clypeus, slightly or moderately notched, with two lateral setae; palpi moderately long, slightly dilated; antennae short, scarcely extending to elytra. Prothorax transverse, usually broadest at about middle. Pronotum usually nearly smooth, with sparse wrinkles, rarely coarsely punctured. Sides of pronotum evenly rounded, lobes of hind angles short; sides of pronotum broadly margined and bent upwards. Elytra oval or short-oval, convex, usually widest at about middle, shoulders rounded; sides of elytra relatively narrowly margined. Elytral sculpture triploid, homodynamous, coarse-granular, rarely elytral sculpture smoothed in the middle; primary foveoles usually indistinct, at some species distinct. Elytral suture usually elevated, rarely not elevated at about the middle. Metepisternum equal or longer than wide; abdominal sternites usually smooth, sternal sulci well marked. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Coloration usually black, sometimes with bronze or blue lustre, rarely bronze or blackish-bronze; ventral body surface black, black with bronze lustre, metallic-blue, greenish, greenish-blue or violaceous; femora and sometimes tibiae metallic-blue or violaceous; tarsi, palpi, antennae and mandibles black.
The group includes five species: Callisthenes (s. str.) panderi Fischer von Waldheim, 1822, Callisthenes (s. str.) karelini Fischer von Waldheim, 1830, Callisthenes (s. str.) declivis Dohrn, 1884, Callisthenes (s. str.) pavlovskii Kryzhanovskij,1955 and Callisthenes (s. str.) akkolicus Obydov et Gottwald, 2002.
C. karelini Fischer von Waldheim, 1830 is represented by three subspecies: C. karelini karelini Fischer von Waldheim, 1830, C. karelini breuningi (Mandl, 1954) and C. karelini vladimiri Obydov, 1998.
1. Callisthenes (s. str.) panderi Fischer von Waldheim, 1822.
DESCRIPTION: G. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1822, Ent. Imp. Ross., I, p. 85.
TYPE LOCALITY: Russia: Orenburg environs.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-21 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Russia: South Urals region; Orenburg, Busuluk; north-western Kazakhstan: Temir env., Inder Lake env., Mugodzhary Mts, Zharly env. (Baiganinsky dist.), Uralsk env., Emba River valley.
REMARKS: The record for Aulie-Ata (Jeannel, 1940) is not correct and must be referred to C. pavlovskii Kryzhanovskij. The records from Central Kazakhstan (Breuning, 1928; Jeannel, 1940) most probably are connected with C. elegans saryarkensis Kabak, 1992. From Orenburg, Busuluk and Uralsk only old matirials are known.
2. Callisthenes (s. str.) karelini karelini Fischer von Waldheim, 1830.
DESCRIPTION: G. FISCHER VON WALDHEIM, 1830, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., 2, p. 186.
SYNONYM: cyaneosternum Mandl, 1954, Koleopt., Rundschau, 32, p. 162.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Lepsinsk environs.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-21mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: The description of Calosoma (Callisthenes) cyaneosternum Mandl, 1954 was based on a single male from Songarei without more precise indication of locality. The holotype is preserved in NMW. This form is conspecific with the typical C. karelini Fisch., as was mentioned by O. L. Kryzhanovskij, 1962.
DISTRIBUTION: South-eastern Kazakhstan: plain along northern slopes of Dzhungarski Alatau, northern slopes of Dzhungarski Alatau and Altyn-Emel Mts.: Lepsinsk env., Sarkand env., Topolevka env., Kuyuankus plain, Alakol Lake depression, Uch-Aral env., Koktuma env., Kopal env.
REMARKS: The records for Aulie-Ata and Talasskiy Ridge (Breuning, 1928) are not correct and must be referred to C. pavlovskii Kryzhanovskij. The record for Issyk-Kul (Solsky, 1874) is wrong. The occurrences in Semipalatinsk environs must be confirmed.
2. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) karelini vladimiri Obydov, 1998.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 1998, Coleopters, 4 (2), p. 21.
TYPE LOCALITY: Taldy-Kurgan env., Arkharly Pass.
REMARKS: I do not know Arkharly Pass near Taldy-Kurgan. It can not be Arkharly Pass in Altyn-Emel Mts. near Sary-Ozek, where C. declivis occurs. Possible the holotype label is not quite exact, as specimens from Kyzyl-Zhar Mts. are absolutely similar to the type series.
MEASUREMENTS: 19–22 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: South-eastern Kazakhstan: western slopes of Dzhungarski Alatau: Taldy-Kurgan environs, Kyzyl-Zhar Mts.
2. b. Callisthenes (s. str.) karelini breuningi (Mandl, 1954).
DESCRIPTION: K. MANDL, 1954, Koleopt., Rundschau, 32, p. 163.
TYPE LOCALITY: Aiaguz - modern name of Sergiopol.
MEASUREMENTS: 21mm.
RARITY: up to now only one specimen is known.
REMARKS: Originally has been described based on single male as a species.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Kazakhstan: Aiaguz environs (about 200 km to the south from Semipalatinsk).
3. Callisthenes (s. str.) declivis Dohrn, 1884.
DESCRIPTION: C. A. DOHRN, 1884, Ent. Zeitung, 45, p. 405.
SYNONYM: rostislavi Semenov, 1906, Rev. Russe Entom., N 3-4, p. 262.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Sholak Mts. -right bank of Ili River (Obydov, 1997).
MEASUREMENTS: 17-21mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: The name C. declivis was wrongly attributed by several authors (Kryzhanovskij, 1962: 177, Kryzhanovskij et al., 1995: 34) to C. karagaicus. The record of C. declivis (as C. panderi declive) by Breuning (1928) for Wjernyi was most probably connected with C. semenovi manderstjernae, or based on a wrong labelled specimens.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: to the north from Ili River in the middle part of the valley from about Kuldzha (China) to about Malai-Sary Mts. (in Kazakhstan): Malai-Sary Mts., Kapchagai env., Sary-Ozek env., Karachok, Dzharkent env., Kuldzha (Yining) env.
4. Callisthenes (s. str.) pavlovskii Kryzhanovskij, 1955.
DESCRIPTION: O. L. KRYZHANOVSKIJ, 1955, Proceedings ZIN, 21, p. 309.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Talas valley, Dzhambul env.
MEASUREMENTS: 17-23 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: This species was as subject of a big confusion in the past. It is in collection materials from the end of XIX century, but has been confused with C. panderi Fisch. or C. karelini Fisch.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Kazakhstan: Talas valley and foothills near Dzhambul, Muyunkum to the north from Dzhambul; Western foothills of Talassky Alatau Mt. Ridge, to the south from Dzhambul. Northern Kirghizia: northern foothills of Talassky Alatau Mt. Ridge, not far from Talas City.
5. Callisthenes (s. str.) akkolicus akkolicus Obydov et Gottwald, 2002.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV et GOTTWALD J., 2002, Baltic J. Coleopterol., 2 (1), p. 39
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Karatau, Akkol env.
MEASUREMENTS: 19-23 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
REMARKS: The species displays a series of intermediate characters between the species group of Callisthenes panderi and Callisthenes kuschakewitschi.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern foothills of Karatau, Akkol Village and Akkol Lake environs.
5. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) akkolicus korelli Obydov, 2004.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 2004, Acta Biol. Univ. Daugavp., 4 (2), p. 113.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Kyzyl-Sai Village environs.
MEASUREMENTS: 20-22 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Up to now only one population from Kirghizia, Kyzyl-Sai Village environs is known.
Callisthenes elegans species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles from middle (18 mm) to large (36 mm) in length. Head thick or strongly thick; eyes usually slightly convex; mandibles long, strongly incurved near apex. Frontal furrows usually shallow, rarely deeper, sometimes conjugated transverse, inside smooth or with fine or coarse wrinkles and punctures. Frons, vertex and neck smooth or with sparse punctures and wrinkles, rarely with dense punctuation, sometimes laterally frons and vertex with coarse wrinkles and punctures. Labrum not wider or slightly wider than clypeus, strongly notched. Antennae short, scarcely extending to elytra. Palpi slightly dilated; penultimate joint of labial palpi with three-five setae. Mentum tooth shorter than lateral lobes; submentum with two setae, sometimes submentum with transverse wrinkles. Prothorax transverse, usually convex. Pronotum nearly smooth or with very fine sculpture, often laterally with more rough sculpture, sometimes with dense punctuation, rarely coarsely wrinkled. Sides of pronotum broadly margined, sometimes coarsely-granular, usually bent upwards. Elytra oval, short-oval or oblong-oval, convex or moderately convex; shoulders rounded. Elytral sculpture vary from triploid to pentaploid; elytral interspaces uniform, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into the short transverse links; rarely primary interspaces a little more developed. Often elytral sculpture strongly smoothed. Primary foveoles usually fine. Sides of elytra narrowly margined, sometimes coarsely-granular. Metepisternum equal or slightly longer than its width. Abdominal sternites smooth or with very fine sculpture, sometimes laterally with more rough sculpture; sternal sulci vary from shallow and indistinct to relatively deep and long. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments. Coloration black, green, greenish bronze, greenish black, blue, violaceous, bluish black, bronze, blackish bronze, reddish gold or reddish bronze, often with metallic lustre. Ventral body surface, palpi, antenna and legs black.
The group includes three species: Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans Kirsh, 1859, Callisthenes (s. str.) karagaicus Lapuoge, 1924 and Callisthenes (s. str.) subtilestriatus (Mandl, 1954).
C. elegans Kirsh, 1859 is represented by 11 subspecies: C. elegans elegans Kirsh, 1859, C. elegans saryarkensis Kabak, 1992, C. elegans kolshengelicus Obydov, 1997, C. elegans valentinae Obydov, 1997, C. elegans semenovi Motschulsky, 1859, C. elegans ballioni (Solsky, 1874), C. elegans manderstjernae Ballion, 1870, C. elegans amethystinus (Semenov-Tian-Shansky et Redikorzev, 1928), C. elegans danilevskii Obydov, 1997, C. elegans keminensis Obydov, 2002 and C. elegans purpureus Obydov, 2002.
REMARKS: The taxonomic structure of this group is very complicated, because many similar forms are making complex associations of allopatric populations; these latter are morphologically different, but linked together by intermediate forms. Usually C. elegans and C. semenovi were considered as a separate species (Motshulsky, 1859; Ballion, 1870; Solsky, 1874; Kryzhanovskij, 1962; Kryzhanovskij et al., 1995; Obydov, 1997). As it was previously mentioned by me (Obydov, 1997) C. elegans and C. semenovi belong to one polymorphic species. Now I delimit C. elegans in 11 subspecies. In general a subspecies series of C. elegans composes geographically a large ring of closely relative populations, beginning from Turaigyr Mts. with C. e. amethystinus to C. e. semenovi, then C. e. danilevskii, then C. e. manderstjernae and through C. e. elegans to C. e. keminensis (in press). Northwards C. e. semenovi is connected with C. e. ballioni. C. e. elegans northwards is connected with C. e. saryarkensis and C. e. kolshengelicus; C. e. kolshengelicus is connected to the east with to C. e. purpureus (in press) and then with C. e. valentinae. To the east from Kaskelen River the ring is broken as C. e. purpureus (in press) and C. e. ballioni are morphologically very far from each other, but are separated only by Kaskelen River. C. e. valentinae is also known from west bank of Kaskelen River, not far eastwards Kaskelen River it is replaced by C. e. amethystinus, which is very far from it morphologically.
6. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans elegans Kirsch, 1859.
DESCRIPTION: Th. KIRSCH, 1859, Stett. Entom. Zeit., XX, p. 197.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kurdai Pass (Obydov, 1997).
MEASUREMENTS: 24-32 mm..
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Northern Kirghizia: Tokmak environs, Bishkek environs. South Kazakhstan: Georgievka, Krasnogorka, Kurdai, Targap, Otar, Kulzhabasy Mts.
REMARKS: I have studied the specimens from ZIN’ collection with labels: Pamir, upper part of Almaatinka riv. and Wernyi env., which are wrong. Label: Kopa-Iliisk Mt Ridge evidently means Chu-Ili Mts.
6. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans saryarkensis Kabak, 1992.
DESCRIPTION: I. I. KABAK, 1992, Vestn. zool., 6, p. 74.
TYPE LOCALITY: Koksengir Mts. in Dzhezkazgan Region of Kazakhstan.
MEASUREMENTS: 19-26 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central part of Dzhezkazgan Region in Kazakhstan: near Koksengir and Arkharly Mts. (earlier in Karaganda Region).
REMARKS: Inhabits the north of the species area.
6. b. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans kolshengelicus Obydov, 1997.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 1997, Lambillionea, XCVII, 2, p. 167.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata district, Kolshengel environs.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-22 mm.
RARITY: relatively rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata district, Kolshengel village environs.
REMARKS: In contrast to other subspecies, but similar to certain part of C. e. valentinae, C. e. kolshengelicus inhabits plain semidesertic sandy steppe.
6. c. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans valentinae Obydov, 1997.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 1997, Lambillionea, XCVII, 2, p. 167.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata district, left bank of Ili River to the west from Kapchagai.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-23 mm.
RARITY: relatively rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata district, left bank of Ili River to the west from Kapchagai.
REMARKS: Up to now only two population from left bank of Ili River near Kapchagai is known. One inhabits stony hills to the west from Kapchagai, another one – sandy dunes to the south-east from Kapchagai.
6. d. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans semenovi Motschulsky, 1859.
DESCRIPTION: V. MOTSCHULSKY, 1859, Et. entom., IX, p. 128.
SYNONYM: ssewertzowi Ballion, 1870, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., XLIII, p. 323.
TYPE LOCALITY: Alma-Ata environs (O.L. Kryzhanovskij,1968).
MEASUREMENTS: 27-34 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: environs of Alma-Ata, Issyk, Talgar.
REMARKS: I have studied specimen with label: Sary-Bulak, Chilik riv. (ZIN). The valley of Chilik River is occupied by C. e. amethistinus, but I do not have material from the high mountain part of the valley, where C. e. semenovi can occur. The unique green female (Sary-Bulak, Chilik riv.) could be collected in that region.
6. e. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans ballioni (Solsky, 1874).
DESCRIPTION: S. SOLSKY, 1874, Fedtschenko’s Reise Turk., Col., I, p. 24.
TYPE LOCALITY: Plane to the north from Alma-Ata, southwards Ili River.
REMARKS: The taxon has been described based on one pair from Kokan. I have studied two very old specimens, male and female (ZIN) with labels Chokand, which were most probably used by S. Solsky for his description and so are his syntypes. I do not known what Kokan or Chokand means (in Ferghana Kokand no forms of C. elegans occur). I studied two big series of small specimens of C. elegans which are absolutely similar to the Solski’s description and to the pair mentioned above. These series were collected on the plane to the north from Alma-Ata in Karaoi and Dzhetysu environs, so I believe that syntypes were collected here and consider this region as the type locality.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-24 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan. Plane and low hills between Alma-Ata and Ili River to the east from Kaskelen River.
6. f. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans manderstjernae Ballion, 1870.
DESCRIPTION: E. BALLION, 1870, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., XLIII, p. 323.
SYNONYM: vernojensis Lapouge, 1924, Miscellanea Entomologica., Vol. 28, N. 4-5, p. 38.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kastek Pass. Callisthenes manderstjernae has been described as a species based on one specimens from Wernyi environs (modern name - Alma-Ata). I could not find the type, but specimens from the environs of Kastek Pass in Zailiisky Alatau (not far from Alma-Ata) are fitting well to the original description. So I consider Kastek pass as the type locality.
MEASUREMENTS: 25-35 mm.
RARITY: relatively rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan and Kirghizia: Zailiisky Alatau Mt. Ridge, environs of Kastek pass, Kichi-Kemin River valley, at altitudes up to 1300-2300 m.
REMARKS: G. Lapouge (1924) wrote that his collection contains one specimen, originating from Wernyi environs without definite locality indication, which he called as C. k. vernojensis. The specimen, according to Lapouge, occupy an intermediate position between C. karagaicus and C. elegans. The holotype is preserved in MNHN. The study of the holotype indicate the fact, that C. k. vernojensis is conspecific with C. elegans manderstjernae Ballion.
Possibly the specimen of C. e. manderstjernae was mentioned by Breuning (1928) under the name C. panderi declive as he recorded it for Wjernyi.
6. g. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans danilevskii Obydov, 1997.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 1997, Lambillionea, XCVII, 2, p. 165.
TYPE LOCALITY: Upper level of Kaskelen River valley in Zailiysky Alatau.
MEASUREMENTS: 23-36 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan. Upper level of Kaskelen River valley in Zailiisky Alatau, 1500-1800m.
6. h. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans amethystinus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Redikorzev, 1928).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV-TIAN-SHANSKIJ et V. REDIKORZEV, 1928, Rev. Russ. Entom.,
XXII, n 1-2, p. 111.
TYPE LOCALITY: Charyn River Valley.
REMARKS: As it was found out by modern authors the population in Charyn River Valley occupies steppe to the north from Turaigyr Mts.
MEASUREMENTS: 22-25 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: Taraigyr mountains (Charyn River valley) and steppe to the north from the mountains, Syugaty mountains: Kok-Pek vil. env., Malybai vil. env.
6. i. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans keminensis Obydov, 2002.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 2002, Revision du genre Callisthenes, Magellanes, Vol. 6, p. 36.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Kemin (Bystrovka) env., 1300 m.
MEASUREMENTS: 21-26 mm.
REMARKS: Elytral sculpture of this subspecies is represents transition from pentaploid type (characteristic for C. e. manderstjernae) to triploid type (characteristic for C. e. elegans).
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kirghizia: Kirghiz Ridge, Bystrovka vil. env, Orlovka vil. env.
6. j. Callisthenes (s. str.) elegans purpureus Obydov, 2002.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 2002, Revision du genre Callisthenes, Magellanes, Vol. 6, p. 37.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Mezhdurechensk, to the west from Kaskelen River, 650 m.
MEASUREMENTS: 21-25 mm.
REMARKS: The subspecies differs by very bright coloration (reddish-gold, reddish-bronze or bronze) from other subspecies of C. elegans.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: Mezhdurechensk, to the west from Kaskelen River, 650 m.
7. Callisthenes (s. str.) karagaicus Lapouge, 1924.
DESCRIPTION: G. LAPOUGE, 1924, Miscellanea Entomologica., Vol. 28, N. 4-5, p. 37.
TYPE LOCALITY: Karagai-Tau (now Naryn Ridge).
MEASUREMENTS: 24-31mm.
REMARKS: The name Callisthenes declivis was sometimes wrongly attributed to this species.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and eastern Kirghizia: northern slopes of Naryn Mt Ridge: Atbashi env., Naryn env.; eastern slopes of Fergan Mt. Ridge near Kugart Pass, Transalai Mt. Ridge: Ak-Shirjak.
8. Callisthenes (s. str.) subtilestriatus (Mandl, 1954).
DESCRIPTION: K. MANDL, 1954, Koleopt., Rundschau, 32, p. 163.
TYPE LOCALITY: China: Kuldzha (now Yining).
MEASUREMENTS: 24-25 mm.
REMARKS: The names Callisthenes declivis and Callisthenes marginatus were sometimes wrongly
attributed to this species.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: North-western China: Kuldzha (Yining) environs.
Callisthenes kuschakewitschi species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles of large or moderately large size (20-31mm). Head thickened or strongly thickened; eyes usually moderately convex; mandibles relatively long, evenly incurved or long and narrow, slightly incurved; frontal furrows shallow or relatively deep, sometimes conjugated transverse. Frons and vertex with coarse punctures and wrinkles, neck usually with sparse punctures or nearly smooth. Labrum slightly wider or not wider than clypeus, strongly notched. Antennae short, scarcely extending to elytra. Palpi slightly dilated; penultimate joint of labial palpi with three-four setae. Mentum tooth shorter than lateral lobes; submentum with one pair of setiferous pores. Pronotum usually with sparse coarse punctures and wrinkles, in some subspecies nearly smooth; median longitudinal line indistinct; basal foveae shallow; lobes of hind angles short. Sides of pronotum evenly rounded or rounded anteriorly, then narrowed to hind angles. Elytrae oval or short-oval, usually convex with broadly margined sides and smoothed sculpture; in some species and subspecies elytrae oblong oval, less convex with less smoothed sculpture. Metepisternum smooth, coarsely-punctured or coarsely-wrinkled, rarely finely-punctured; slightly longer or equal to its width. Abdominal sternites usually smooth, rarely with sparse wrinkles and punctures; sternal sulci usually deep, well-marked. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with two or three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Head, pronotum and elytrae blue, dark blue, blue-violaceous, violaceous, black, black with blue, bronze or green lustre, rarely unicolored bronze or green; ventral body surface blue or black, often with blue, violaceous or green lustre.
The group includes two species: Callisthenes (s. str.) kuschakewitschi Ballion, 1870 and Callisthenes (s. str.) glasunowi (Semenov, 1900).
C. kuschakewitschi Ballion, 1870 is represented by four subspecies: C. kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi Ballion, 1870, C. kuschakewitschi batesoni (Semenov-Tian-Shansky et Redikorzev, 1928), C. kuschakewitschi plasoni Born, 1917 and C. kuschakewitschi solskyanus Obydov, 1999.
9. Callisthenes (s. str.) kuschakewitschi kuschakewitschi Ballion, 1870.
DESCRIPTION: E. BALLION, 1870, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., XLIII, p. 323.
SYNONYMS: decolor A. Morawitz, 1886, M(m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St-P(tersbourg, VII, T. XXXIV,
p. 87; solskyi Zaitzev, 1918, Izv. Kavkaz. muz. XI, p. 8.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tschemkent (Chimkent in South Kazakhstan).
MEASUREMENTS: 20-31mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: Chimkent env. (Tyulkubas, Georgievka, Burnoe, Vysokoe, Chokpak, Arys riv. vall., Bugun, Mashat, Aksu-Dzhabagly Nature Reserve, Taldy-Bulak), Dzhambul env., Kara-Tau Ridge (Babaata, Zhanatas, Ushbnas riv. vall., Achisai). Uzbekistan: Tashkent env. (Aktash, Bolshoi Chimgan, Ak-Tau).
REMARKS: Calosoma (Callisthenes) kuschakewitschi var. decolor A. Morawitz, 1886 has been described based on small, unicolored black or black-brown specimens from Tashkent environs as the mountain form of C. kuschakewitschi. A. Morawitz has specified, that this form occurs sympatrically with the typical form. So, according to the author the name decolor has an infrasubspecific status. R. Jeannel (1940) was the first, who used it as subspecies name. Small black specimens are not dominated in the local population from Tashkent environs, mostly consisting of normally coloured, blue specimens. I did not see any characters distinguishing Uzbek population from the typical. So, Tashkent population is also attributed to nominotypical subspecies. I have studied a lot of specimens from Chimkent (type locality of Callisthenes kuschakewitschi) (ZMMU, ZIN, MRS) and more than half from these specimens were represented by unicolored black specimens. The name Callisthenes kuschakewitschi var. decolor (A. Morawitz, 1886) can be used as infrasubspecific name for small black specimens from different parts of area of nominotypical subspecies.
S. Solsky (1874) has wrongly noted Issyk-Kul and Akmolinsk in the identification keys of genus Callisthenes, for Callisthenes reichei Gu(rin-M(neville, 1842, which in fact was described from Perse. But, taking into consideration many characters noted in the Solsky’s description, I assume, that he dealt with small and black specimens of Callisthenes kuschakewitschi. I have studied specimens of Callisthenes kuschakewitschi (collected by A. Fedtschenko between Syr-Daria and Taschkent, (ZMMU), which were regarded by S. Solsky as C. kuschakewitschi in his identification keys. All these specimens are big and blue (typical form). Probably Solsky did not regard small, black specimens (which are a little similar to C. reichei) as Callisthenes kuschakewitschi and wrongly determined them as Callisthenes reichei. So, characters, which S. Solsky used in his identification keys were not characters for Callisthenes reichei. For the first time it was noted by F. Zaitzev (1918). F. Zaitzev, basing on characters used by S. Solsky for his Callisthenes reichei has named this species as Callisthenes solskyi Zaitzev, 1918.
9. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) kuschakewitschi batesoni (Semenov-Tian-Shansky et Redikorzev, 1928).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV-TIAN-SHANSKIJ et V. REDIKORZEV, 1928, Rev. Russ. Entom.,
XXII, n 1-2, p. 111.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan: Sary-Su River valley (Obydov, 1999).
MEASUREMENTS: 20-26 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Kazakhstan: steppes and deserts from about Aral sea to northern Kara-Tau Ridge (sands Malye and Bolshie Barsuki, Irgiz env., Chokusu, Sary-Su riv. vall., Kazalinsk env., Novokazalinsk env., Mailibash).
9. b. Callisthenes (s. str.) kuschakewitschi solskyanus Obydov, 1999.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 1999a, Lambillionea, XCIX, 4, p. 581.
TYPE LOCALITY: South Kazakhstan, Ulanbel environs.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-22 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
REMARKS: C. k. solskyanus is the desert form of C. kuschakewitschi, as well as C. k. batesoni. The first one is distributed in the deserts to the southeast from the area of nominotypical subspecies, while C. k. batesoni is distributed to the southwest from the area of C. k. kuschakewitschi. C. k. solskyanus displays a series of intermediate characters between C. kuschakewitschi s. str. and C. kuschakewitschi plasoni.
DISTRIBUTION: South Kazakhstan: Northern Moiynkum, Ulanbel vil. env.
9. c. Callisthenes (s. str.) kuschakewitschi plasoni Born, 1917.
DESCRIPTION: P. BORN, 1917, Sonderabdruck Coleopt. Rundschau Nr 1-2, p. 1.
SYNONYM: pseudokarelini Mandl, 1954, Koleopt. Rundsch., B. 32, p. 164
TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia: eastern part of Kirghiz Mt. Ridge. The species has been described from Semirjetschinsk. The name of the type locality means old Semirechensk Region - the vast area between Tarbagatai Mts. and Ferghana Mt. Ridge. The types are not available. I accept the traditional conception of C. kuschakewitschi plasoni, sensu Jeannel, 1940 and Kryzhanovskij, 1962 as it agrees with the original description. According to my materials the specimens from eastern part of Kirghiz Ridge are mostly fitting with it. So, I regard eastern part of Kirghiz Ridge as the type locality.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-28 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: The name Callisthenes declivis was wrongly attributed to this subspecies from Ala-Archa (Mambetova, 1983).
DISTRIBUTION: Kirghizia and Kazakhstan: foothills and slopes of Kirghiz Ridge, from Bishkek to Dzhambul, at the altitudes up to 2000 m (Bishkek env., Alamedin Vall., Kara-Balta, Lugovaia, Ak-Su, Dzhardy-Su, Lugovoe, Ala-Archa, Merke, Tash-Debe, Chon-Aryk, Talass env.).
9. d. Callisthenes (s. str.) kuschakewitschi sidzhakensis Obydov, 2008.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 2008, Lambillionea, CVIII, 1, p. 23.
TYPE LOCALITY: Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan border, Ugamsky Mt. Ridge, 2100 m, 15 km NW Sidzhak Village.
MEASUREMENTS: 26-28 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Uzbekistan-Kazakhstan border, Ugamsky Mt. Ridge.
10. Callisthenes (s. str.) glasunowi (Semenov, 1900).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV, 1900, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., T. XXXIV, p. 303.
TYPE LOCALITY: Uzbekistan: Sentiab (Nuratau Mts.).
MEASUREMENTS: 21-24 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
REMARKS: Callisthenes (s. str.) glasunowi (Semenov, 1900) has been described based on three specimens (2 males and 1 female), collected by D. Glasunow in 1892. More than one hundred years the species was not found out. I have studied only one specimen (female), which was collected by modern collector, with label: Nuratau Mt. Ridge, 6 km S Farish, 30.V.1984, G. Medvedev leg. (ZIN). In 2002 the expedition of the Moscow Biological Museum together with the collaborators of the Nuratau Nature Reserve have collected large series of Callisthenes glasunowi in the vicinities of Farish Village.
DISTRIBUTION: Uzbekistan. Nuratau Mt. Ridge: Sentiab env., Farish env.
Callisthenes usgentensis species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles from middle (20 mm) to large (35 mm) size. Head thickened, frontal furrows vary from deep to shallow. Frons nearly smooth, in some species with coarse punctures and wrinkles; labrum wider than clypeus, strongly or moderately notched. Palpi slightly dilated; penultimate joint of labial palpi with three-five setae. Mentum tooth triangular or obtusely-triangular, shorter than lateral lobes; submentum with one pairs of setiferous pores, rarely polysetose. Prothorax transverse, convex or relatively convex. Pronotum with narrowly or broadly margined sides; usually smooth, in some species with coarse punctures and wrinkles; median longitudinal line more or less distinct; basal foveae relatively deep or shallow; lobes of hind angles short, triangular, slightly bent downwards. Elytrae oval or oblong-oval, convex or moderately convex; sides of elytrae broadly or narrowly margined; shoulders rounded. Elytral sculpture strongly smooth, elytral suture more or less deepened or not deepened; elytral margin smooth, finely-granular or coarsely-granular. Metepisternum smooth or with sparse punctures, slightly longer or not longer than its width. Abdominal sternites smooth or finely-punctured, rarely coarsely-punctured; sternal sulci long and deep. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Head, pronotum, elytrae, legs and ventral surface black, sometimes pronotum and elytrae brownish.
The group includes four species: Callisthenes (s. str.) regelianus (A. Morawitz, 1886), Callisthenes (s. str.) mirificus Casale, 1979, Callisthenes (s. str.) klapperichi (Mandl, 1955) and Callisthenes (s. str.) usgentensis (Solsky, 1874).
C. usgentensis (Solsky, 1874) is represented by two subspecies: C. usgentensis usgentensis (Solsky, 1874) and C. usgentensis karaalmensis Obydov, 1999.
11. Callisthenes (s. str.) regelianus (A. Morawitz, 1886).
DESCRIPTION: A. MORAWITZ, 1886, M(m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St-P(tersbourg, VII, T. XXXIV, p. 84.
SYNONYMS: ovale Morawitz, 1886, M(m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St-P(tersbourg, VII, T. XXXIV, p. 84; oxygonum Morawitz, 1886, M(m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St-P(tersbourg, VII, T. XXXIV, p. 84.
TYPE LOCALITY: Baldzhuvon in Tadzhikistan, 65 km S-E Dushanbe, foothills of Vakhsh Ridge.
MEASUREMENTS: 23-28 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: The descriptions of Callisthenes regelianus var. ovalis (A. Mor.) and Callisthenes regelianus var. oxygonus (A. Mor.) were based on specimens, collected in Baldshuan, together with lectotype of C. regelianus. The specimens from Karategin Ridge and eastern part of Gissar Ridge differ by narrower elytrae with more distinct primary elytral foveoles. I have studied only few specimens from this area (ZIN, ZMMU) and I am not ready now to regard these populations as a subspecies, because I am not sure, if narrow specimens are dominating in these populations or not.
DISTRIBUTION: Tadzhikistan, Gissar-Darvaz area: East Gissar Ridge, Karategin Ridge, Vakhsh Ridge, Darvaz Ridge, Khazratishokh Ridge, Peter I Ridge.
REMARKS: The beetles occur mostly at the altitudes up to 2000-3500 m, in subalpine and alpine areas, sometimes near snow line; the populations are not numerous, but beetles in some localities are rather common.
12. Callisthenes (s. str.) mirificus Casale, 1979.
DESCRIPTION: A. CASALE, 1979, Fragmenta Entomologica, 15, p. 80.
TYPE LOCALITY: Western Afganistan: Paropamiz Ridge, Sabzak Pass.
MEASUREMENTS: 33-35 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
REMARKS: Up to now only three specimens (females) are known. Males of Callisthenes mirificus are unknown.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Afganistan: Paropamiz Ridge, Sabzak Pass environs.
13. Callisthenes (s. str.) klapperichi (Mandl, 1955).
DESCRIPTION: K. MANDL, 1955, Entom. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, 6, p. 328.
SYNONYM: sediquii Ledoux, 1988, Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie T. 5, Fasc. 2, p. 156.
TYPE LOCALITY: Afganistan, Badakhshan, Shiva.
MEASUREMENTS: 20-25 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
REMARKS: C. klapperichi displays a series of intermediate characters between C. regelianus and C. usgentensis. Too small number of specimens of the taxon are known and its taxonomical status is not quite clear. More materials from northern Afganistan are necessary.
DISTRIBUTION: North-eastern Afganistan, Badakhshan, Shiva.
REMARKS: Up to now only five specimens are known.
14. Callisthenes (s. str.) usgentensis usgentensis (Solsky, 1874).
DESCRIPTION: S. SOLSKY, 1874, Fedtschenko’s Reise Turk. Col, I, p. 20-21.
SYNONYM: rugiceps Kraatz, 1884, Deutsche Ent. Zeitschrift, XXVIII, Heft I, p. 219.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Uzgen in Osh Region.
MEASUREMENTS: 22-28 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: The description of Callisthenes rugiceps Kraatz, 1884 was based on one male from Osh. According to the original description, the species is very close to Callisthenes usgentensis (Solsky) and differs by more rough and dense punctuation of frons and punctured pronotum. However, Osh (situated not far from Usgen - type locality of Callisthenes usgentensis) is occupied by typical form of Callisthenes usgentensis. I have studied a lot of specimens from Osh environs (ZIN, ZMMU, TMB). Occasionally among investigated specimens there were specimens with more rough sculpture of frons and pronotum (the characters which were used to the description of Callisthenes rugiceps), but these differences are not characteristic for the plain population from Osh, which undoubtedly forms continuation of the population of nominotypical subspecies from Usgen. Thus, it must be attributed to the nominotypical subspecies. The name C. usgentensis rugiceps was wrongly used by many authors as subspecific to the forms of C. usgentensis from Western part of Ferghan Ridge, Baubash-Ata Ridge and south-eastern slopes of Chatkal Ridge, which are characterised by much more rough and dense punctuation of frons and pronotum.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Uzbekistan and western Kirghizia. Eastern, south-eastern and north-eastern foothills around Ferghan Valley: Uzgen env., Osh env., Andizhan env., Dzhalal-Abad env., Namangan env., Ferghana env., Vuadil env., Chimion env.
REMARKS: The beetles inhabit mostly foothills, plains and low hills.
14. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) usgentensis karaalmensis Obydov, 1999.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV, 1999b, Coleoptera, Band 3, p. 135.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kirghizia, Kara-Alma environs.
MEASUREMENTS: 21-25 mm.
RARITY: relatively rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: : Western Kirghizia. Western part of Ferghan Ridge: Kara-Alma environs; south-eastern slopes of Chatkal Ridge: Nanai environs, Tash-Kumyr environs, Arslanbob environs. REMARKS: In contrast to Callisthenes usgentensis s. str. the beetles occur mostly in the forested areas, at the altitudes up 1500-2100 m.
Callisthenes marginatus species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles of moderately large size (15-18 mm). Head thickened, frontal furrows relatively long, shallow, inside nearly smooth, sometimes with sparse and coarse wrinkles and punctures. Frons nearly smooth or with sparse wrinkles and punctures; vertex and neck with shallow wrinkles or frons, vertex and neck with coarse punctures and wrinkles; labrum slightly wider than clypeus, moderately notched. Palpi slightly dilated; penultimate joint of labial palpi with three-four setae. Mentum tooth narrow, shorter than lateral lobes; submentum with one pair of setiferous pores. Prothorax transverse, relatively convex. Pronotum with fine punctures and shallow wrinkles or with sparse coarse punctures and wrinkles, median longitudinal line indistinct; basal foveae relatively deep; lobes of hind angles short. Sides of pronotum evenly rounded, narrowly margined. Elytrae oval or short-oval, convex with narrowly margined sides and smoothed or relatively rough, triploid sculpture; primary elytral foveoles small, but sometimes distinct. Metepisternum coarsely or finely-punctured, slightly longer than its width. Abdominal sternites smooth, sometimes with shallow wrinkles. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Head, pronotum and elytrae black, sometimes elytrae with poor blue lustre. Pronotal and elytral margin sometimes green, blue or violaceous; primary elytral foveoles sometimes greenish.
The group includes two species: Callisthenes (s. str.) marginatus Gebler, 1830 and Callisthenes (s. str.) pseudocarabus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Redikorzev, 1928).
REMARKS: The members of the group externally resemble the species of the genus Carabus, are very peculiar morphologically and show some similarity with Balkanian subgenus Microcallisthenes Apf. in genital structure, and can be possible allocated in a separate subgenus.
15. Callisthenes (s. str.) marginatus Gebler, 1830.
DESCRIPTION: F. GEBLER, 1830, Cat. Coleopt. Sib. Occident., in: Ledebour's Reise Altai-Geb. und Kirgisen-Steppe. Bd. II, (2), p. 57.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Kazakhstan: Narym Mt. Ridge. The species has been described based on single specimen from Nor-Saissan. The type not available, probably it is lost. The specimens from Narym Mt. Ridge (northern environs of of Zaisan Lake) are fitting well to the original description. So I consider Narym Mt. Ridge as the type locality.
MEASUREMENTS: 15-18 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
REMARKS: Many authors (Jakobson, 1905, Csiki, 1927, Breuning, 1928, Lapouge, 1931) are considered Callisthenes marginatus Geb., as the form closely related to Callisthenes elegans Kirsch, or even considered the last one, as subspecies of Callisthenes marginatus. But in fact the species is very peculiar morphologically and is closely related to Callisthenes pseudocarabus (Sem. et Red.) only.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Kazakhstan: northern environs of of Zaisan Lake: Narym Mt. Ridge, Kurchum Mt. Ridge.
16. Callisthenes (s. str.) pseudocarabus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Redikorzev, 1928).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV-TIAN-SHANSKIJ et V. REDIKORZEV, 1928, Rev. Russ. Entom.,
XXII, n 1-2, p. 109.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Kazkhstan: Saur Mt. Ridge, to south-east from Zaisan Lake.
MEASUREMENTS: 17-18 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Kazakhstan: Saur Mt. Ridge.
Callisthenes breviusculus species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles of large or moderately large size (15-25 mm). Head thickened; eyes convex; mandibles long or relatively short, slightly incurved. Frontal furrows relatively deep, inside coarsely-wrinkled or coarsely-punctured or shallow, inside smooth or with sparse wrinkles. Frons, vertex and neck with rough dense punctuation and coarse wrinkles, sometimes frons with shallow wrinkles, vertex and neck nearly smooth. Labrum wider than clypeus, strongly notched. Palpi slightly or moderately dilated; penultimate joint of labial palpi with three-four setae. Mentum tooth shorter than lateral lobes; submentum with two setae. Prothorax transverse, relatively convex. Pronotum with dense punctuation and shallow wrinkles or nearly smooth, laterally and posteriorly with sparse punctures and shallow wrinkles. Sides of pronotum broadly margined; lobes of hind angles short, evenly rounded. Elytrae oval or short-oval, convex; sides of elytrae narrowly margined; shoulders rounded. Elytral sculpture finely-granular; elytral interspaces equally developed, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into very small granules, sometimes elytral granules indistinct, conjugated, or elytral sculpture strongly smoothed, sometimes with lines of fine punctures. Metepisternum smooth, coarsely-wrinkled or with shallow wrinkles, not longer than its width. Abdominal sternites smooth or with sparse wrinkles; sternal sulci relatively deep and long. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Body black, rarely pronotal and elytral margins blue or violaceous, sometimes elytrae with distinct metallic lustre; or body blue, dark blue, violaceous or greenish-blue; ventral body surface usually black, sometimes with blue or green lustre; epipleuron, propleuron and prosternum sometimes blue or violaceous.
The group includes three species: Callisthenes (s. str.) breviusculus (Mannerheim, 1830), Callisthenes (s. str.) substriatus Motschulsky, 1859 and Callisthenes (s. str.) pumicatus (Lapouge, 1907).
C. pumicatus (Lapouge, 1907) is represented by two subspecies: C. pumicatus pumicatus (Lapouge, 1907) and C. pumicatus schelkovnikovi (Zaitzev, 1918).
17. Callisthenes (s. str.) breviusculus (Mannerheim, 1830).
DESCRIPTION: C. G. MANNERHEIM, 1830, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., II (1), p. 61.
SYNONYMS: reichei Gu(rin-M(neville, 1842, Rev. Zool., p. 271; orbiculatus Motschulsky, 1839:
Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., XII, p. 88; motschoulskyi Fischer von Waldheim, 1842, Rev. Zool, p. 271;
araraticus Chaudoir, 1846, In: Chaudoir M. de & J.H. Hochhuth. Enumeration des Carabiques et
Hydrocanthares recueillis pendant un voyage au Caucase et dans les provinces transcaucasiennes par
le Baron M. de Chaudoir et le Baron le Gotsch, p. 104; tamerlanus Zaitzev, 1918, Izv. Kavkaz. muz.
XI, p. 8.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Turkey: Kopdag Mts. (between Bayburt and Trabzon).
MEASUREMENTS: 16-25 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Turkey: Kopdag Mts., Kars env., Aygir Golu Lake env., Sarikamis env., Arpacay env., Susuz env., Erzurum env., Van Golu Lake env., Van env., Munzur env., Eleskirt env., Igdir env., Dogubayazit env., Cildir Golu Lake env., Ararat Mts. Armenia: Aragatz, Yerevan env., Leninakan env., Gukasian env., Arai-ler Mts., Sevan Lake env., Aschotsk env., Byurakan-Amberd env., Geghadir env., Arzakan env., Gyunashli env., Dzhervet env., Aioudzar Pass, Alagez Mts., Verin-Talik env., Kizilkachi env., Alibek Mts., Gokcha Lake env., Dzhadzhur env. Nakhichevan: Buzgov env., Batabad env., Bichenek env.
REMARKS: The species is widely distributed from the semi-deserts and plain steppes up to mountain steppes, subalpine and alpine zone, up to the altitudes 3000 m. At present a considerable number of forms of C. breviusculus are described. The majority of these names must be treated as synonyms. C. breviusculus m. araraticus occurs almost on all area of the typical form, but is higher in the mountains (not below 2000 m). C. breviusculus m. orbiculatus occurs sympatrically with the typical form, but much more rare than the last one, distributed mostly in alpine meadow, prevails in western part of the area. C. breviusculus tamerlanus Jeannel is poorly investigated. The types are not available, but the characters, given in the original description: Similar to C. reichei, but body bigger, elytral sculpture smoother do not allow to consider it as separate subspecies. All these forms linked together by intermediate forms. Some authors regarded C. reichei as a species (Breuning, 1928) or as subspecies of C. breviusculus (Zaitzev, 1918). The study of the holotype of Calosoma reichei (MNHN) indicate the fact, that this taxon is conspecific with typical C. breviusculus and must be attributed to the nominotypical subspecies. The description of Callisthenes motschoulskyi Fischer, 1842 was based on specimens from mont Ala Guez - the type locality of Callisthenes orbiculatus Motschulsky, 1839.
18. Callisthenes (s. str.) substriatus Motschulsky, 1859.
DESCRIPTION: V. MOTSCHULSKY, 1859, Et. Entom., IX, p. 126.
TYPE LOCALITY: Azerbaijan, Talysh Mts., Lenkoran env., Mt. Saganlug.
MEASUREMENTS: 15-20 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Azerbaijan, Talysh Mts.: Lenkoran env., Gasmalian env., Mistan env., Lerik env., Zuvand env.
REMARKS: The specimen from Karabagh (ZIN) most probably is wrong labelled.
19. Callisthenes (s. str.) pumicatus pumicatus (Lapouge, 1907).
DESCRIPTION: G. LAPOUGE, 1907. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, XIII, p. 124.
SYNONYM: zarudnianum Semenov et Redikorzev, 1928, Rev. Russ. Entom., XXII, n 1-2, p. 111.
TYPE LOCALITY: North-western Iran: plateau between Ardebil and Zendzhan.
MEASUREMENTS: 20-21 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: North-western Iran: Ardebil env., Zendzhan env., Keroo env., Kazvin env.
19. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) pumicatus schelkovnikovi (Zaitzev, 1918).
DESCRIPTION: Ph. ZAITZEV, 1918, Izv. Kavkaz. muz. XI, p. 9.
TYPE LOCALITY: Iranian Azerbaijan: Sekhend mountains.
MEASUREMENTS: 17-20 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Iranian Azerbaijan. Up to now only one population from Sekhend Mountains is known.
Callisthenes eversmanni species group.
DIAGNOSIS: The beetles of large or moderately large size (19-27 mm). Head thickened or strongly thickened; eyes convex; mandibles long, strongly incurved near apex or relatively long, slightly incurved. Frontal furrows relatively deep or shallow, sometimes conjugated transverse, inside coarsely-wrinkled or coarsely-punctured. Frons, vertex and neck usually with dense punctuation and coarse wrinkles, rarely neck nearly smooth. Labrum wider or slightly wider than clypeus, strongly notched. Palpi moderately dilated; penultimate joint of labial palpi with three-five setae. Mentum tooth shorter than lateral lobes; submentum with two setae. Prothorax transverse, moderately convex or flattened. Pronotum with dense punctuation and short shallow wrinkles, sometimes in the middle nearly smooth; sides of pronotum broadly margined; lobes of hind angles short, evenly rounded, sometimes slightly bent downwards. Elytrae usually short-oval, convex or moderately convex; sides of elytrae narrowly margined; shoulders rounded. Elytral sculpture more or less rough, rarely smoothed; all elytral interspaces equally developed, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into small granules, sometimes conjugated transverse; primary elytral foveoles indistinct. Metepisternum with sparse coarse punctures or wrinkles, not longer than its width. Abdominal sternites usually smooth, rarely with fine wrinkles; sternal sulci well-marked. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Body blue, dark blue, violaceous, black, black with blue pronotal and elytral margins or metallic green; ventral body surface black, sometimes with blue or green lustre; epipleuron, propleuron and prosternum sometimes blue or violaceous.
The group includes two species: Callisthenes (s. str.) eversmanni (Chaudoir, 1850) and Callisthenes (s. str.) peksi (Heinz et Pavesi, 1994).
C. eversmanni (Chaudoir, 1850) is represented by four subspecies: C. eversmanni eversmanni (Chaudoir, 1850), C. eversmanni persicus Géhin, 1885, C. eversmanni pesarinii (Heinz et Pavesi, 1994) and C. eversmanni adehinotus Lassalle, 1992.
20. Callisthenes (s. str.) eversmanni eversmanni (Chaudoir, 1850).
DESCRIPTION: M. CHAUDOIR M, 1850, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, XXIII, N 1, p. 157.
TYPE LOCALITY: Central Turkey: Tokat.
MEASUREMENTS: 19-23 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and western Turkey: approximately from Tuz Golu Lake to the south-east up to Gorum, Merzifon, Amasya and Tokat and, to the west as far as Eskisehir environs.
20. a. Callisthenes (s. str.) eversmanni persicus Géhin, 1885.
DESCRIPTION: J. B. G(HIN, 1885, Catalogue synonymique et syst(matique des Col(opteres de la
tribu des Carabides, avec des planches dessin(es par Ch. Haury, p. 68.
TYPE LOCALITY: The species has been described based on single female from Armenie Persane.
MEASUREMENTS: 21-24 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Turkey: approximately between Tunceli environs and Van Golu Lake: Karaoglan env., Karakocan env., Kuruca Pass, Mus env.
20. b. Callisthenes (s. str.) eversmanni pesarinii (Heinz et Pavesi, 1994).
DESCRIPTION: W. HEINZ et M. PAVESI, 1994, Coleoptera, Schwanfelder Coleopterologische
Mitteilungen, Heft 7, p. 5.
TYPE LOCALITY: Central Turkey: Gorum env., Elmall Dagi, about 12 km to the west from Alaca.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-20 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Turkey. Up to now only one population from Alaca environs is known.
20. c. Callisthenes (s. str.) eversmanni adehinotus Lassalle, 1992.
DESCRIPTION: B. LASSALLE, 1992, L’Entonologiste, 48 (6), p. 305.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Turkey: Bingol envurons, about 140 km from Van Golu Lake to the west.
MEASUREMENTS: 20-24 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Turkey. Up to now only one population from Bingol envurons is known.
21. Callisthenes (s. str.) peksi (Heinz et Pavesi, 1994).
DESCRIPTION: W. HEINZ et M. PAVESI, 1994, Coleoptera, Schwanfelder Coleopterologische
Mitteilungen, Heft 7, p. 6.
TYPE LOCALITY: Western Turkey: Izmir Reg., Bozdag environs, about 18 km to the south from Odemis.
MEASUREMENTS: 24-27 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Western Turkey: Odemis environs. Up to now only one population is known.
Each of the eastern species: Callisthenes (s. str.) anthrax (Semenov, 1900), Callisthenes (s. str.) grumi (Semenov, 1900) and Callisthenes (s. str.) fischeri Fischer von Waldheim, 1842 distributed in Mongolia and China is rather peculiar morphologically and does not belong to any species group.
22. Callisthenes (s. str.) anthrax (Semenov, 1900).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV, 1900, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, T. XXXIV, p. 304.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eastern Mongolia: to the south from Buir-Nur Lake.
MEASUREMENTS: 21-25 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: East Mongolia: to the south from Buir-Nur Lake, Chaibalsan environs; North China (Inner Mongolia): Dalai-Nor Lake environs.
23. Callisthenes (s. str.) grumi (Semenov, 1900).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV, 1900, Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, T. XXXIV, p. 306.
TYPE LOCALITY: China, Qinghai: Danger-tin (now Huangyuan) to the east from Kuku-Nor Lake.
MEASUREMENTS: 22 mm.
RARITY: up to now a single specimen (female) is known.
DISTRIBUTION: China, Qinghai: Huangyuan, to the east from Kuku-Nor Lake.
24. Callisthenes (s. str.) fischeri Fischer von Waldheim, 1842.
DESCRIPTION: G. FISCHER von WALDHEIM, 1842, Rev. Zool., p. 271.
TYPE LOCALITY: ? confins de la Chine.
REMARKS: Type locality is uncertain. The available materials do not allow to determine it precisely.
MEASUREMENTS: 17-21 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central and south-western Mongolia: South-Gobi-aimak, Gurvan-Saykhan environs, Agut environs, Kol-Tzagan-Tologoi environs; Delger-Khangai environs; Central-Gobi-aimak, Delger-Tzogta environs; Baian-Khong-aimak, Orog-Nur Lake environs; Bon-Dalan-Nur Lake environs.
Type species: Calosoma (Teratexis) fabulosum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Znojko, 1933 (monobasic)
DESCRIPTION: A. Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et D. Znojko, 1933, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., p. 99.
DIAGNOSIS: Middle and posterior male tibias strongly curved. Wings reduced. Head very big, strongly thickened; eyes strongly convex; mandibles long and narrow, slightly curved. Prothorax nearly square, convex. Elytrae oblong-oval, moderately convex, shoulders not prominent. Elytrae with big, oval depression at about middle, along elytral suture and more shallow depressions on each elytra, in posterior third. Elytrae smooth. Abdominal sternites smooth; sternal sulci shallow, long. Legs long; fore male tarsi with two dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Neck, pronotum and elytrae reddish-brown; elytrae with small, indistinct brown points, pronotal and elytral margins black. Head, palpi, antennae, legs and ventral body surface, black.
The subgenus is represented by one species: Callisthenes (Teratexis) fabulosus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Znojko, 1933).
25. Callisthenes (Teratexis) fabulosus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij et Znojko, 1933).
DESCRIPTION: A. SEMENOV-TIAN-SHANSKIJ et D. ZNOJKO, 1933, Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., p. 100.
TYPE LOCALITY: Northern Afganistan, Irchailyk Pass.
MEASUREMENTS: 26 mm.
RARITY: only two specimens (males) are known.
DISTRIBUTION: Up to now is known only from the type locality.
Type species: Carabus reticulatus Fabricius, 1787 (monobasic)
DESCRIPTION: J. C. Fabricius, 1787, Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericus, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Vol. I, p. 197.
DIAGNOSIS: Wings well developed. Head thickened, eyes convex, prominent; mandibles moderately long; antennae short, scarcely extending to elytra. Prothorax transverse, convex, broad. Elytrae oval or short-oval, convex, shoulders prominent. All elytral interspaces equally developed, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into small coarse granules, sometimes conjugated transverse; primary elytral foveoles usually indistinct. Sides of elytrae narrowly margined. Metepisternum with sparse fine punctures, longer than its width. Abdominal sternites smooth; sternal sulci shallow, long. Legs of normal length; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Body green, greenish black or greenish bronze, rarely black, ventral body surface black, epipleuron, propleuron and prosternum usually with green lustre.
The subgenus includes one species: Callisthenes (Callisphaena) reticulatus (Fabricius, 1787), which is represented by two subspecies: Callisthenes (Callisphaena) reticulatus reticulatus (Fabricius, 1787) and Callisthenes (Callisphaena) reticulatus earinus Obydov et Putz, 1996.
26. Callisthenes (Callisphaena) reticulatus reticulatus (Fabricius, 1787).
DESCRIPTION: J. C. FABRICIUS, 1787, Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericus, differentiis specificis, emendationibus, observationibus. Vol.I., p. 197.
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe.
MEASUREMENTS: 22-26 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Europe: Denmark, Belgium, southern Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia, north-western Hungary, Finland.
REMARKS: The records for Ukraine (Kherson) (Jakobson, 1905; Breuning, 1928) and Daghestan (Kryzhanovskij, 1983) are doubtful. The occurrences in western Belorussia (Kryzhanovskij, 1962, Alexandrovitch et al., 1996) must be confirmed.
26. a. Callisthenes (Callisphaena) reticulatus earinus Obydov et Putz, 1996.
DESCRIPTION: D. OBYDOV et A. P(TZ, 1996, Lambillionea, XCVI, 3, p. 521.
TYPE LOCALITY: Kazakhstan, Karaganga reg., Zhana-Arka.
MEASUREMENTS: 21-25 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Central Kazakhstan: Karaganga distr., Zhana-Arka env., Kyzyl-Dzhar env., Atasu env.; Aktyubinsk distr.: Novoaleksandrovskiy vill. env., Akmola (earlier Tselinograd) Region; Russia: Orenburg env.
REMARKS: From Orenburg environs only old matirials are known, though this species is recorded by the modern authors for vicinities of Orenburg (Kozyrev et all, 1997). The record from Tobolsk (Jeannel, 1940) is doubtful.
Type species: Calosoma (Microcallisthenes) pentheri Apfelbeck, 1918 (Jeannel designation, 1940)
DESCRIPTION: V. Apfelbeck, 1918, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 127 Band, 1 Heft, p. 161.
DIAGNOSIS: The first segment of posterior tarsi not depressed, body small. Wings reduced. Head thickened, frontal furrows shallow. Frons, vertex and neck coarsely-punctured-wrinkled; labrum slightly wider than clypeus, strongly notched. Prothorax broad, relatively convex. Pronotum with dense coarse punctuation, median longitudinal line indistinct; lobes of hind angles short, evenly rounged. Sides of pronotum narrowly margined. Elytrae short-oval, convex; sides of elytrae narrowly margined. All elytral interspaces convex, somewhat equally developed, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into very short links, sometimes conjugated transversely. In some specimens primary elytral interspaces slightly broader and more convex; primary elytral foveoles big, distinct. Metepisternum smooth, not longer than wide. Abdominal sternites smooth. Legs relatively short; fore male tarsi with three dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Coloration greenish bronze, bronze or green, with metallic lustre. Ventral body surface, palpi, antennae and legs black.
The subgenus is represented by two species: C. (Microcallisthenes) pentheri (Apfelbeck, 1918)
and C. (Microcallisthenes) relictus (Apfelbeck, 1918).
REMARKS: The subgenus Microcallisthenes Apfelbeck, 1918 often united with closely related north-american subgenus Callistenia Lapouge, 1929.
27. Callisthenes (Microcallisthenes) pentheri (Apfelbeck, 1918).
DESCRIPTION: V. APFELBECK, 1918, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 127 Band, 1 Heft, p. 161.
TYPE LOCALITY: Albania: alpes of northern Albania Prokletijagebiet.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-17 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Balkans. Southern Montenegro and northern Albania: Prokletija planina, Greben planina, Boris planina, Bjelasica planina, Zekova glava, Maja Rosit, Cakor.
28. Callisthenes (Microcallisthenes) relictus (Apfelbeck, 1918).
DESCRIPTION: V. APFELBECK, 1918, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 127 Band, 1 Heft, p. 161.
SYNONYMS: pentheroides Roubal, 1932, Entom. Anzeiger Wien, 12, p. 19; schurmanni Breuning, 1977, Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, p. 48.
TYPE LOCALITY: Albania: the alpine region Schar Dagh (Ljubeten).
MEASUREMENTS: 15-17 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Balkans. Albania and Macedonia: Korab planina, Ljuboten planina, Sar planina, Popova sapka, Ceri Pasina planina, Livadsko jezero, Bistra planina, Kicevo, Mavrovo dist.
Type species: Calosoma moniliatum LeConte, 1851 (Jeannel designation, 1940)
= Isostenia Lapouge, 1929
Type species: Calosoma wilkesi LeConte, 1851 (Jeannel designation, 1940)
DESCRIPTION: G. Lapouge, 1929, Miscellanea Entomologica., Vol. 32, N. 3, p. 2.
DIAGNOSIS: The first segment of posterior tarsi not depressed. Wings reduced. Head thickened or slightly thickened, frontal furrows relatively deep or shallow. Frons, vertex and neck usually with coarse punctures and wrinkles, sometimes frons with more rough sculpture; labrum slightly wider, rarely not wider than clypeus, moderately notched. Prothorax transverse, usually convex. Pronotum with coarse punctures and wrinkles, seldom smooth. Elytrae short-oval, usually convex or moderately convex; shoulders rounded. Elytral sculpture vary from nearly smooth to coarse-granular; elytral interspaces uniform, interrupted by transverse wrinkles into short links; sometimes primary elytral interspaces broader and more convex (C. moniliatus); primary elytral foveoles usually indistinct or in some species well marked. Metepisternum punctured and wrinkled, not longer than wide. Abdominal sternites nearly smooth, sometimes punctured. Fore male tarsi with three, rarely with two (some specimens of C. lariversi) dilated segments bearing hairy pads. Coloration usually black or dark brown, except C. subaeneus, C. moniliatus and C. dawsoni which are metallic bronze or green. Ventral body surface black or dark brown.
The subgenus is represented by 17 species: C. (Callistenia) moniliatus (LeConte, 1851), C. (Callistenia) subaeneus (Chaudoir, 1869), C. (Callistenia) wilkesi (LeConte, 1851), C. (Callistenia) latipennis (Horn, 1870), C. (Callistenia) dietzi (Schaeffer, 1904), C. (Callistenia) discors (LeConte, 1857), C. (Callistenia) schaefferi (Breuning, 1928), C. (Callistenia) placerus Gidaspow, 1959, C. (Callistenia) luxatus (Say, 1823), C. (Callistenia) zimmermanni (LeConte, 1848), C. (Callistenia) pimelioides (Walker, 1866), C. (Callistenia) striatius Hatch, 1953, C. (Callistenia) lariversi (Van Dyke, 1943), C. (Callistenia) monticola Casey, 1897, C. (Callistenia) subasperatus (Schaeffer, 1915), C. (Callistenia) oregonus Gidaspow, 1959 and C. (Callistenia) dawsoni Dajoz, 1997.
REMARKS: These species occur in the western part of the United States and southwestern Canada and are not found in the east.
29. Callisthenes (Callistenia) moniliatus (LeConte, 1851).
DESCRIPTION: J. L. LeCONTE, 1851, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, p. 200.
SYNONYMS: laqueatum LeConte, 1860, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 12, p. 318; bicolor Walker, 1866, In Lord J. K., The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. London, vol. 2, p. 313; concinnus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 66; vancouvericus Csiki, 1927, In Junk W., Coleopterorum catalogus, vol. 1, p. 286.
TYPE LOCALITY: Oregon.
MEASUREMENTS: 14-18 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States: Arizona, California, Nebraska, northern Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington. Canada: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Vancouver Island.
30. Callisthenes (Callistenia) subaeneus (Chaudoir, 1869).
DESCRIPTION: M. CHAUDOIR, 1869, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 21, p. 28.
TYPE LOCALITY: California.
MEASUREMENTS: 17-20 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States and southwestern Canada. California, Idaho, Washington. British Columbia.
31. Callisthenes (Callistenia) wilkesi (LeConte, 1851).
DESCRIPTION: J. L. LeCONTE, 1851, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 5, p. 200.
TYPE LOCALITY: Oregon.
MEASUREMENTS: 15-20 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States: California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. Southwestern Canada: British Columbia.
32. Callisthenes (Callistenia) latipennis (Horn, 1870).
DESCRIPTION: G. HORN, 1870, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 3, p. 70.
SYNONYMS: arcuatus Casey, 1897, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 343; tularensis Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 68; opimus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 69.
TYPE LOCALITY: South Sierras, California.
MEASUREMENTS: 14-20 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States. California: Fresno County: Huron; Kern County: Arvin, Mojave; Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, Neenach, Fairmont, Palmdale; Sacramento County: Antelope Valley; San Bernardino County: Atolia, Victorville, Tulare County.
33. Callisthenes (Callistenia) dietzi (Schaeffer, 1904).
DESCRIPTION: C. SCHAEFFER, 1904, Jour. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 12, p. 197.
SYNONYM: gravidulus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 68.
TYPE LOCALITY: Tulare County, California.
MEASUREMENTS: 15-18 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States. California: Humboldt County: South Fork; Tulare County: Sequoia National Park, Tule River Valley.
34. Callisthenes (Callistenia) discors (LeConte, 1857).
DESCRIPTION: J. L. LeCONTE, 1857, In Reports on the explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Washington D. C., p. 31.
SYNONYM: inversus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 67.
TYPE LOCALITY: Sacramento, California.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-23 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States. California: Sacramento County; Calaveras County; Eldorado County: Camino, Pollock Pines; Madera County: Chiquito Basin, Northfork; San Francisco; Santa Cruz County: Big Tree, Sierra Nevada.
35. Callisthenes (Callistenia) schaefferi (Breuning, 1928).
DESCRIPTION: S. BREUNING, 1928, Koleopt. Rundsch., B. 14, Nr. 2-3, p. 80.
SYNONYM: irregulare Schaeffer, 1915 (nec Walker, 1866), Jour. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 235.
TYPE LOCALITY: Castella, California.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-18 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States. California: Shasta County: Castella; Humboldt County: Saddle Camp area; Santa Cruz County: Big Tree; Siskiyou County: Dunsmuir; Trinity County: Carrville, Hayfork, Yallo Bally Mountains.
36. Callisthenes (Callistenia) placerus Gidaspow, 1959.
DESCRIPTION: T. GIDASPOW, 1959, Bull. Amer. Mus. natur. Hist., vol. 116 (3), p. 309.
TYPE LOCALITY: Forest Hill, Placer County, California.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-18 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States. California: Placer County: Forest Hill, Cisco; Santa Cruz County: Big Tree; Amador County: Lumber Yard; San Diego County: Lake Alpine; Tolumne County: Tiga Pass.
37. Callisthenes (Callistenia) luxatus (Say, 1823).
DESCRIPTION: T. SAY, 1823, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 3, p. 149.
SYNONYMS: striatulus LeConte, 1859, Smithsonian Contrib. Knowl., vol. 11, p. 4; diffractus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 75; utensis Casey, 1920, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 9, p. 165; semotus Casey, 1920, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 9, p. 166.
TYPE LOCALITY: Arkansas River, Colorado.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-22 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States and southwestern Canada. Colorado: Arkansas River, Denver, Fort Collins, Glenwood. Arizona: Grand Canyon. California: Eldorado County. Idaho: Bannock County, Pocatello. Montana: Gallatin County, Three Forks, Milk River. Nebraska: Brown County: Kashopa; Sioux County: Hat Creek Valley. New Mexico. Oregon: Baker County; Benton County: Alpine; Grant County; Klamath County: Crater Lake; Lake County: Goose Lake; Polk County: Dalles; Umatilla County: Blue Mountains, Toll Gate; Wallowa County. Utah: Cache County: Logan Canyon; Tooele County: Stockton; Utah County: Provo, Timpanogos Mountains, Salt Lake, Vineyard; Wasatch County. Washington: Adams County, Ritzville, Lantz, Wallus; Franklyn County: Pasco; Klickitat County: Roosevelt; Walla Walla County: Lowden; Yakima County. Wyoming: Carbon County, Como, Medicine Bow; Laramie County: Pinebluffs. Canada: Alberta, Medicine Hat, Tilley, Jenner, Empress, Hilda. Saskatchewan: Beaver Creek south of Saskatoon, Forget, Pike Lake Valley.
38. Callisthenes (Callistenia) zimmermanni (LeConte, 1848).
DESCRIPTION: J. L. LeCONTE, 1848, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 4, p. 445.
SYNONYMS: opacus Géhin, 1885, Catalogue synonymique et syst(matique des Col(opteres de la tribu des Carabides, avec des planches dessin(es par Ch. Haury. Remiremont, p. 70; exaratus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 12; debilis Casey, 1920, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 9, p. 169; tahoensis Van Dyke, 1943, Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 19, p. 18.
TYPE LOCALITY: Northern Rocky Mountains.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-17 mm.
RARITY: rare in collections.
REMARKS: R. Jeannel (1940) considered this species as a synonym of Callisthenes luxatus (Say, 1823), which is not correct, as Callisthenes zimmermanni differ from Callisthenes luxatus by narrower pronotum and elytrae and genital structure.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States and southwestern Canada. California: Alpine County, Sonora Pass, White Mountains; Eldorado County: Tallac; Inyo County; Mono County: Mammoth; Placer County: Lake Tahoe; Sonoma County: Donahue Pass; Tuolumne County: Cow Creek. Idaho: Gooding County: Bliss. Nevada: Humboldt County: Paradise. Utah.
39. Callisthenes (Callistenia) pimelioides (Walker, 1866).
DESCRIPTION: F. WALKER, 1866. In Lord J. K., The naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. London, vol. 2, p. 312.
SYNONYMS: tegulatus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 72; viator Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 72; pustulosus Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 73; reflexus Casey, 1920, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 9, p. 164; parowanus Casey, 1920, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 9, p. 167.
TYPE LOCALITY: Vancouver Island.
MEASUREMENTS: 14-19 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: R. Jeannel (1940) considered this species as a synonym of Callisthenes luxatus (Say, 1823). C. pimelioides is easily distinguished from the species of the luxatus group by 7-8 setae at pronotal margin. From C. monticola Casey, 1897, which also has lot of setae at pronotal margin, C. pimelioides differs by only one seta near each eye, while C. monticola has from two to six setae near each eye.
DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Canada: Vancouver Island, Alberta, Medicine Hat, southwestern British Columbia. Western part of the United States: California: Humboldt County; Lassen County: Norval Flats, Yreka; Modoc County; Plumas County: Clover Valley, Meadow Valley; Shasta County. Idaho. Montana: Wisdom. Nevada. Utah: Parowan. Washington.
40. Callisthenes (Callistenia) striatius Hatch, 1953.
DESCRIPTION: M. HATCH, 1953, The beetles of the Pacific northwest, part. 1, p. 54.
TYPE LOCALITY: Eugene, Oregon.
MEASUREMENTS: 16-17 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
REMARKS: The species is poorly investigated and its taxonomical status is not quite clear. Taking into consideration type locality and characters noted in the description by M. Hatch, I assume, that he dealt with a species related to Callisthenes luxatus, or with its subspecies.
DISTRIBUTION: United States: western Oregon.
41. Callisthenes (Callistenia) lariversi (Van Dyke, 1943).
DESCRIPTION: E. VAN DYKE, 1943, Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 19, p. 17.
TYPE LOCALITY: Lamoille, Nevada.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-15 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: United States: Nevada.
42. Callisthenes (Callistenia) monticola Casey, 1897.
DESCRIPTION: T. CASEY, 1897, Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 9, p. 342.
SYNONYMS: nevadensis Casey, 1913, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 4, p. 74.
TYPE LOCALITY: Truckee River at Reno, Nevada.
MEASUREMENTS: 15-18 mm.
RARITY: not rare in collections.
REMARKS: R. Jeannel (1940) considered Callisthenes monticola as a synonym of Callisthenes luxatus. It is not a synonym of Callisthenes luxatus, because the main characters of the latter is not agrees well with characters of Callisthenes monticola.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States. Nevada: Ormsby County; Storey County: Wadsworth; Washoe County: Pyramid Lake, Reno, Verdi, Winnemucca Valley. California: Eldorado County: Cedar Peak; Lassen County: Doyle, Hallelujah Junction; Plumas County: Clover Valley, Meadow Valley, Quincy; Yolo County: Davis. Washington: Ellensburg, Pasco. Wyoming.
43. Callisthenes (Callistenia) subasperatus (Schaeffer, 1915).
DESCRIPTION: C. F. SCHAEFFER, 1915, Jour. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 23, p. 235.
SYNONYM: klamathensis Casey, 1920, Memoirs on the Coleoptera. Lancaster, Pennsylvania, vol. 9, p. 169.
TYPE LOCALITY: California.
MEASUREMENTS: 13-15 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
REMARKS: The species is poorly investigated. R. Jeannel (1940) considered this species as a synonym of Callisthenes luxatus. S. Breuning (1928) considered it as aberration of Callisthenes zimmermanni. Callisthenes subasperatus is different from both of them, being more closely related to Callisthenes pimelioides. It is possible that Callisthenes subasperatus is a subspecies of Callisthenes pimelioides.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States. California: Siskiyou County: Dorris. Oregon: Harney County: Stinking Water Creek; Klamath County.
44. Callisthenes (Callistenia) oregonus Gidaspow, 1959.
DESCRIPTION: T. GIDASPOW, 1959, Bull. Amer. Mus. natur. Hist., vol. 116 (3), p. 317.
TYPE LOCALITY: Oregon.
MEASUREMENTS: 18-20 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Western United States: Oregon.
45. Callisthenes (Callistenia) dawsoni Dajoz, 1997.
DESCRIPTION: R. DAJOZ, 1997, Nov. Revue Ent. (N. S.), T. 14, Fasc. 1, p. 70.
TYPE LOCALITY: Mammoth Lakes (Mono County) in the Sierra Nevada, California.
MEASUREMENTS: 15-16 mm.
RARITY: very rare in collections.
DISTRIBUTION: Up to now is known only from the type locality.
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