J.F. Lawrence: complete list of publications
- 1. Lawrence, J. F. 1955. Range extension of the whiptailed lizard Cnemidophorus neomexicanus.
Copeia 1955: 141.
- 2. Lawrence, J. F. and D. Wilhoft 1958. Cryptic coloration in lava-dwelling horned lizards. Copeia
1958: 43-44.
- 3. Barr, T. C. and J. F. Lawrence 1960. New cavernicolous species of Agonum (Rhadine) from Texas
(Coleoptera: Carabidae). Wasmann Journal of Biology 18: 137-145.
- 4. Lawrence, J. F. 1963. Book review. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest, Part III: Pselaphidae and
Diversicornia I. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 39: 41-42.
- 5. Lawrence, J. F. 1965. Comments on some recent changes in the classification of the Ciidae
(Coleoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 133: 273-292.
- 6. Lawrence, J. F. and H. Reichardt 1966. The systematic position of Plaumanniola Costa Lima
(Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae). Coleopterists Bulletin 20: 39-42.
- 7. Lawrence, J. F. and H. Reichardt 1966. Revision of the genera Gnostus and Fabrasia (Coleoptera:
Ptinidae). Psyche 73: 30-45.
- 8. Lawrence, J. F. 1967. Biology of the parthenogenetic fungus beetle Cis fuscipes Mellie
(Coleoptera: Ciidae). Breviora 258: 1-14.
- 9. Smith, R. F. and J. F. Lawrence 1967. Clarification of the status of the type specimens of
Diabroticites (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). University of California Publications in
Entomology 45: 1-174.
- 10. Lawrence, J. F. 1967. Delimitation of the genus Ceracis (Coleoptera: Ciidae) with a revision of
North American species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 136: 91-144.
- 11. Lawrence, J. F. and H. Reichardt 1969. The myrmecophilous Ptinidae (Coleoptera), with a key to
Australian species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 138: 1-28.
- 12. Lawrence, J. F. and J. A. Powell 1969. Host relationships in North American fungus-feeding
moths (Oecophoridae, Oinophilidae, Tineidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
138: 29-51.
- 13. Lawrence, J. F. 1970. Food and habitat preferences in tropical fungus beetles (family Ciidae).
Year Book of the American Philosophical Society 1970: 326-327.
- 14. Lawrence, J. F. 1971. The taxonomic position of the genus Petria Semenow (Coleoptera:
Alleculidae). Breviora 380: 1-9.
- 15. Lawrence, J. F. 1971. Revision of the North American Ciidae (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology 142: 419-522.
- 16. Lawrence, J. F. 1973. Host preference in ciid beetles (Coleoptera: Ciidae) inhabiting the fruiting
bodies of Basidiomycetes in North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 145:
163-212.
- 17. Lawrence, J. F. 1974. The ciid beetles of California (Coleoptera: Ciidae). Bulletin of the
California Insect Survey 17: 1-41.
- 18. Lawrence, J. F. 1974. The larva of Sphindocis denticollis Fall and a new subfamily of Ciidae
(Coleoptera: Heteromera). Breviora 424: 1-14.
- 19. Howden, H. F. and J. F. Lawrence 1974. The New World Aesalinae, with notes on the North
American lucanid subfamilies (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 52: 1505-1510.
- 20. Lawrence, J. F. and K. Stephan 1975. The North American Cerylonidae (Coleoptera: Clavicornia).
Psyche 82: 131-166.
- 21. Lawrence, J. F. 1977. The family Pterogeniidae, with notes on the phylogeny of the Heteromera.
Coleopterists Bulletin 31: 25-56.
- 22. Lawrence, J. F. 1977. Extraordinary images show how beetles have adapted to live off plants, and
each other. Horticulture 55: 8-13.
- 23. Lawrence, J. F. 1977. Coleoptera associated with an Hypoxylon species (Ascomycetes:
Xylariaceae) on oak. Coleopterists Bulletin 31: 309-312.
- 24. Doyen, J. T. and J. F. Lawrence 1979. Relationships and higher classification of some
Tenebrionidae and Zopheridae (Coleoptera). Systematic Entomology 4: 333-377.
- 25. Lawrence, J. F. and T. F. Hlavac 1979. Review of the Derodontidae (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) with
new species from North America and Chile. Coleopterists Bulletin 33: 369-414.
- 26. Lawrence, J. F. and A. F. Newton, Jr. 1980. Coleoptera associated with the fruiting bodies of
slime molds (Myxomycetes). Coleopterists Bulletin 34: 129-143.
- 27. Lawrence, J. F. 1980. A new genus of Indo-Australian Gempylodini with notes on the constitution
of the Colydiidae (Coleoptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 19: 293-310.
- 28. Lawrence, J. F. 1981. The occurrence of Syndesus cornutus (Fabricius) in structural timber
(Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20: 171-172.
- 29. Lawrence, J. F. 1981. Notes on larval Lucanidae (Coleoptera). Journal of the Australian
Entomological Society 20: 213-219.
- 30. Lawrence, J. F. 1982. Book Review. The Biology of the Coleoptera. Science 215: 657-658.
- 31. Lawrence, J. F. 1982. Coleoptera. In Parker, S. B. (ed.) Synopsis and Classification of Living
Organisms. Vol. 2, pp. 482-553. (New York: McGraw-Hill).
- 32. Lawrence, J. F. 1982. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family: Ciidae.
United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 529-105, 18 pp.
- 33. Lawrence, J. F. and G. S. Medvedev 1982. A new tribe of darkling beetles (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae) from Australia and its systematic position. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye 61(3):
548-571 (in Russian; translation in Entomological Review 61(3): 85-107).
- 34. Lawrence, J. F. and A. F. Newton, Jr. 1982. Evolution and classification of beetles. Annual Review
of Ecology and Systematics 13: 261-290.
- 35. Lawrence, J. F. 1982. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family:
Cerylonidae. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 529-95, 10 pp.
- 36. Lawrence, J. F. and P. Vaurie 1983. A catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico.
Family: Languriidae. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 529-92, 12 pp.
- 37. Medvedev, G. S. and J. F. Lawrence 1983. Beetles of the tribe Hyocini (Coleoptera,
Tenebrionide) of Australia. I. Subgenera Nannohyocis subgen. n. and Neohyocis subgen. n. (genus
Hyocis Pasc.). Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye 62(3): 569-582 (in Russian; translation in
Entomological Review 62(3): 117-130).
- 38. Medvedev, G. S. and J. F. Lawrence 1984. Beetles of the tribe Hyocini (Coleoptera,
Tenebrionidae) of Australia. II. Genera Parahyocis Kasz. and Csiro gen. n. Entomologicheskoye
Obozreniye 63(3): 561-581 (in Russian; translation in Entomological Review 63(3): 129-148).
- 39. Belles, X. and J. F. Lawrence 1984. Ptinosphaerus, a new genus of Ptinidae (Coleoptera) from
North Queensland. Australian Entomological Magazine 11(2): 35-37.
- 40. Lawrence, J. F. 1985. The genus Teredolaemus Sharp (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) in Australia.
Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 24: 205-206.
- 41. Lawrence, J. F. 1985. The genus Nothoderodontus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), with new species
from Australia, New Zealand, and Chile. In Ball, G. E. (edit.), Taxonomy, Phylogeny and
Zoogeography of Beetles and Ants. A Volume Dedicated to the Memory of Philip Jackson
Darlington, Jr. 1904-1983, pp. 68-83. The Hague: Junk, xii + 514 pp.
- 42. Pakaluk, J. and J. F. Lawrence 1986. Priamima, a new genus of Corylophidae (Coleoptera) from
Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 25(2): 81-84.
- 43. Pal, T. K. and J. F. Lawrence 1986. A new genus and subfamily of mycophagous Bothrideridae
(Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) from the Indo-Australian Region, with notes on related families. Journal of
the Australian Entomological Society 25(3): 185-210.
- 44. Medvedev, G. S. and J. F. Lawrence 1986. Tenebrionidae of the tribe Hyocini (Coleoptera,
Tenebrionidae) of Australia. III. Brittonina and Uptonina, new subtribes. Entomologicheskoye
Obozreniye 65(3): 574-591 (in Russian; translation in Entomological Review 65(3): 161-179).
- 44a. Medvedev, G. S. and J. F. Lawrence 1987. Tenebrionid beetles of the tribe Hyocini (Coleoptera,
Tenebrionidae) of Australia. IV. A key to genera and subgenera. Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye
66(4): 803-816 (in Russian; translation in Entomological Review 67(3): 159-171, 1988).
- 45. Lawrence, J. F., T. A. Weir and J. E. Pyke 1987. Sections on suborders Archostemata, Adephaga
and Myxophaga and families Ommatidae, Cupedidae, Microsporidae, Haliplidae, Hygrobiidae,
Noteridae, Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae. In Walton, D. (edit.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia.
Coleoptera: Suborders Archostemata, Myxophaga, and Adephaga. Canberra: Bureau of Flora and
Fauna..
- 46. Lawrence, J. F. 1987. A new genus of Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from the Neotropical
Region. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 31(1): 41-47.
- 47. Lawrence, J. F. 1987. Notes on the classification of some Australian Elateriformia (Coleoptera).
Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 26: 360.
- 48. Lawrence, J. F. 1987. Notes on the classification of some Australian Tenebrionoidea
(Coleoptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 26: 361-362.
- 49. Lawrence, J. F. 1988. Notes on the classification of some Australian Cucujoidea (Coleoptera).
Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 27:
- 50. Lawrence, J. F. 1988. Rhinorhipidae, a new beetle family from Australia, with comments on the
phylogeny of the Elateriformia. Invertebrate Taxonomy 2(1): 1-53.
- 51. Lawrence, J. F. 1989. Mycophagy in the Coleoptera: feeding strategies and morphological
adaptations. In Wilding, N., Collins, M., Hammond, P. M. and Webber, J. F., eds, Insect - Fungus
Interactions. Royal Entomological Society Symposium Series. 14, pp. 1-23.
- 52. Hammond, P. M. and J. F. Lawrence 1989. Appendix: Mycophagy in insects: a summary. In
Wilding, N., Collins, M., Hammond, P. M. and Webber, J. F., eds, Insect - Fungus Interactions. Royal
Entomological Society Symposium Series. 14, pp. 275-324.
- 53. Lawrence, J. F. 1989. Catalog of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico. Family:
Derodontidae. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 529-65, 4 pp.
- 54. Doyen, J. T., E. G. Matthews and J. F. Lawrence 1990. Classification and annotated checklist of
the Australian genera of Tenebrionidae. Invertebrate Taxonomy 3: 229-260.
- 55. Kirejtshuk, A. G. and J. F. Lawrence 1990. Revision of the Australian genus Idaethina Reitter
(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 29(1): 1-9.
- 56. Pope, R. D. and J. F. Lawrence 1990. A preliminary review of Scymnodes Blackburn (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae), with the description of a new Australian species and its larva. Systematic Entomology
15: 241-252.
- 57. Belles, X. and J. F. Lawrence 1990. Notes on the genus Neoptinus Gahan (= Ptinosphaerus Belles
and Lawrence) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 17(2): 61-63.
- 58. Lawrence, J. F., D. H. Kistner and J. M. Pasteels 1990. A new genus of termitophilous Aderidae
from Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines, with notes on the biology. Invertebrate
Taxonomy 4(3): 643-654.
- 59. Lawrence, J. F. 1991. General chapter on Coleoptera, family key, and chapters on 88 beetle
families. In Stehr, F. W. (edit.), Immature Insects. Volume II. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall-Hunt.
- 60. Leschen, R. A. B. and J. F. Lawrence 1991. Fern-spore feeding in Cryptophagidae and
Mycetophagidae (Coleoptera): two new genera from the Juan Fernandez Islands. Systematic
Entomology 16: 329-352.
- 61. Lawrence, J. F., E. S. Nielsen and I. M. Mackerras 1991. Skeletal anatomy and key to orders. In
C.S.I.R.O., (ed.), Insects of Australia. 2nd Edition. Volume 1, pp. 3-32. Carlton: Melbourne
University Press.
- 62. Lawrence, J. F. and E. B. Britton 1991. Coleoptera (beetles). In C.S.I.R.O. (ed.), Insects of
Australia. 2nd Edition. Volume 2, 543-683. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
- 63. Lawrence, J. F. 1991. Three new Asiatic Ciidae (Tenebrionoidea) associated with commercial,
dried fungi. Coleopterists Bulletin 45: 286-292.
- 63a. Nikitsky, N. B. and J. F. Lawrence 1991. [Descriptions of Notopisenus Nikitsky & Lawrence and
N. boleti Nikitsky & Lawrence] in Nikitsky, N. B. 1991. News on the genus Triphyllia Reitter, 1898
(Coleoptera: Tetratomidae). Elytron 5: 159-168.
- 64. Brown, W. V., J. T. Doyen, B. P. Moore and J. F. Lawrence 1992. Chemical composition of
defensive secretions of some Australian Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Journal of the Australian
Entomological Society 31: 79-89.
- 65. Lawrence, J. F. and J. B. Stribling 1992. A new genus of Ptilodactylidae (Coleoptera) from
Australia, with a description of the larva. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 31: 19-27.
- 66. Kirejtshuk, A. G. and J. F. Lawrence 1992. Cychramptodini, a new tribe of Nitidulidae
(Coleoptera) from Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 31: 29-46.
- 67. Phillips, D. J., P. D. Olsen, D. C. Rentz and J. F. Lawrence 1991. Observations on the diet of the
Christmas Island hawk-owl Ninox squampila natalis. Emu 91: 250-251.
- 68. Kirejtshuk, A. G. and J. F. Lawrence 1992. Review of the Thalycrodes complex of genera
(Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) endemic to the Australian region. Journal of the Australian Entomological
Society 31: 119-142.
- 69. Matthews, E. G. and J. F. Lawrence 1992. A new genus and species of Heleini from Tasmania.
Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 31: 311-316.
- 70. Madenjian, J. J., J. D. Eifert and J. F. Lawrence 1993 Ciidae: newly recognized beetle pests of
commercial, dried mushrooms. Journal of Stored Products Research 29: 45-48.
- 71. Kukalova-Peck, J. and J. F. Lawrence 1993 Evolution of the hind wing in Coleoptera. Canadian
Entomologist 125: 181-258.
- 72. Galian, J. and J. F. Lawrence 1993. First karyotypic data on a cupedid beetle (Coleoptera:
Archostemata) showing achiasmatic meiosis. Entomological News 104: 83-87.
- 73. Lawrence, J. F., A. Hastings, M. J. Dallwitz and T. Paine 1993. Beetle Larvae of the World:
Interactive Identification and Information Retreival for Families and Subfamilies. CD-ROM, Version
1.0 for MS-DOS. Melbourne: CSIRO.
- 74. Calder, A. A.., J. F. Lawrence and J.W. H. Trueman 1993. Austrelater gen. nov. (Coleoptera:
Elateridae), with a description of the larva and comments on elaterid relationships. Invertebrate
Taxonomy 7: 1349-1394.
- 75. Nikitsky, N. B., J. F. Lawrence, A. G. Kirejtshuk and V. G. Gratshev 1993. A new beetle family,
Decliniidae, fam. n., from the Russian Far East and its taxonomic relationships Coleoptera
Polyphaga). Russian Journal of Entomology, Moscow 2(5-6): 3-10.
- 76. Lawrence, J. F. and D. A. Pollock 1994. Relationships of the Australian genus Synercticus
Newman (Coleoptera: Boridae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 33: 35-42.
- 77. Lawrence, J. F. and E. B. Britton 1994. Australian Beetles. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
x + 192 pp.
- 78. Lawrence, J. F., E. S. Nielsen and I. W. Mackerras 1994. Skeletal anatomy. In Naumann, I. D.
(ed.), Systematic and Applied Entomology: an Introduction, pp. 3-24. Carlton: Melbourne University
Press.
- 79. Lawrence, J. F. 1994. Key to hexapod orders and some other arthropod groups. In Naumann, I. D.
(ed.), Systematic and Applied Entomology: an Introduction, pp. 223-231. Carlton: Melbourne
University Press.
- 80. Lawrence, J. F. and E. B. Britton 1994. Coleoptera (beetles). In Naumann, I. D. (ed.), Systematic
and Applied Entomology: an Introduction, pp. 345-359. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
- 81. Lawrence, J. F. 1994. The larva of Sirrhas variegatus, sp. n., with notes on the Perimylopidae,
Ulodidae (stat. n.), Chalcodryidae and Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Invertebrate
Taxonomy 8: 329-349.
- 82. Lawrence, J. F. 1994. Review of the Australian Archeocrypticidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea),
with descriptions of a new genus and four new species. Invertebrate Taxonomy 8: 449-470.
- 83. Moore, B. P. and J. F. Lawrence 1994. The extraordinary larval characters of Carenum Bonelli and
their bearing on the phylogeny of the Scarititae (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Canadian Entomologist 126
(3): 503-514.
- 84. Pakaluk, J., S. A. Slipinski and J. F. Lawrence 1994. Current classification and family-group
names in Cucujoidea (Coleoptera). Genus 5(4): 223-268.
- 85. Lawrence, J. F. 1995. Book review. Larvae of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera): a systematic
overview. Brenda M. May. Fauna of New Zealand (Ko te Atitanga Pepeke i Aotearoa). Number 28.
Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand. 1993. 225 pp. NZ$ 55. Journal of the
Australian Entomological Society 33: 366.
- 86. Lawrence, J. F., S. A. Slipinski and J. Pakaluk 1995. From Latreille to Crowson: a history of the
higher-level classification of beetles. In Pakaluk, J. and Slipinski, S. A. (eds), Biology, Phylogeny, and
Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson, pp. 87-154.
Warsaw: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN.
- 87. Lawrence, J. F., N. B. Nikitsky and A. G. Kirejtshuk 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of the
family Decliniidae (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea) and comments on the classification of Elateriformia
(sensu lato). In Pakaluk, J. and Slipinski, S. A. (eds), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of
Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson, pp. 375-410. Warsaw:
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN.
- 88. Lawrence, J. F. 1995. Electribius Crowson: alive and well in Mesoamerica, with notes on
Ctesibius Champsion and the classification of Artematopodidae. In Pakaluk, J. and Slipinski, S. A.
(eds), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of
Roy A. Crowson, pp. 411-431. Warsaw: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN.
- 89. Lawrence, J. F. 1995. Two new species of Rhopalobrachium Boheman (Coleoptera:
Phloeostichidae: Hymaeinae) from Australia and Chile. In Pakaluk, J. and Slipinski, S. A. (eds),
Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy
A. Crowson, pp. 432-447. Warsaw: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN.
- 90. Pollock, D. A. and J. F. Lawrence 1995. Review of Anaplopus Blackburn (Coleoptera: Pythidae),
with comments on constituents and systematics of Pythidae. In Pakaluk, J. and Slipinski, S. A. (eds),
Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy
A. Crowson, pp. 449-472. Warsaw: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN
- 91. Lawrence, J. F. and A. F. Newton 1995. Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected
genera, notes and references, and data on family-group names). In Pakaluk, J. and Slipinski, S. A.
(eds), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of
Roy A. Crowson, pp. 779-1006. Warsaw: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN
- 92. Lawrence, J. F. 1995. Key to the families of Coleoptera (adults and larvae), with aquatic stages. In
Hawking, J. H. (eds), Monitoring River Health Inidiative Taxonomic Workshop Handbook, pp. 32-65.
Albury: Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre.
- 93. Lawrence, J. F. and R. J. Milner 1996. Associations between arthropods and fungi. Fungi of
Australia. 1B: 137-202.
- 94. Slipinski, S. A. and J. F. Lawrence 1997. Genera of Colydiinae (Coleoptera: Zopheridae) of the
Australo-Pacific region. Annales Zoologici 47: 341-440.
- 95. Lawrence, J. F. 1998. Coleoptera, pp. 79-92. IN: M. M. Driessen, M. D. Comfort, J. Jackson, J.
Balmer, A. M. M. Richardson and P. B. McQuillan (eds), Wildeness Ecosystem Baseline Studies,
Pelion Plains - Mt. Ossa. Hobart: Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Serivce (Wildlife Report 97/3).
- 96. Lawrence, J. F. 1999 The Australian Ommatidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata): new species, larva
and discussion of relationships. Invertebrate Taxonomy 13(3): 369-390.
- 97. Slipinski, S. A. And J. F. Lawrence 1999. Pylogeny and classification of Zopheridae sensu novo
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) with a review of the genera of Zopherinae (excluding Monommatini).
Annales Zoologici 49(1/2): 1-53.
- 98. Lawrence, J. F., A. M. Hastings, M. J. Dallwitz, T. A. Paine and E. J. Zurcher 1999. "Beetle Larvae of the World: Descriptions, Illustrations, and Information Retreival for Families and Subfamilies."
CD-ROM, Version 1.1 for MS-Windows. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
- 99. Davies, K. F., C. E. Margules and J. F. Lawrence 1999. Which traits of species predict population
declines in experimental forest fragments? Ecology (in press).
- 100. Lawrence, J. F., A. M. Hastings, M. J. Dallwitz, T. A. Paine and E. J. Zurcher 1999. "Beetles of the World: A Key and Information System for Families and Subfamilies." CD-ROM, Version 1.0 for
MS-Windows. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
- 101. Kirejtshuk, A. G. and J. F. Lawrence 1999. Notes on the Aethina complex (Coleoptera:
Nitidulidae: Nitidulinae), with a review of Aethina (Cleidorura) subgen. nov. and Aethina(Idaethina)
Gemminger et Harold. Annales Zoologici 49(3): 233-254.
Last updated: June 1, 2000