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Check-list for Caspian Sea water and coastal plants

by Ljubov V. Zhakova

 

 No 

Family

Species

Year and Autor of Description

Origin

Relative magnitude

Status (last found)

Description areas

Date of the last study done

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Pteridophyta

1

Marsileaceae

Marsilea aegyptiaca

Willdenow C.L., 1810

 

Hydrophyte. Grows along silt dry shores of reservoirs

Rare

Ural-Volga interfluve; Volga delta

Listed in the Red Data Book of Astrakhan region (1995)

2

 

Marsilea quadrifolia

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows along banks of stagnant reservoirs, in water and dry places

 

Ural-Volga interfluve: Volga delta

 

3

 

Marsilea strigosa

Willdenow C.L., 1810

 

Hydrophyte. Grows along silt dry banks and shores

 

Ural-Volga interfluve

 

4

 

Pilularia globulifera

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte

Rare

Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

5

Salvinaceae

Salvinia natans

(Linne ) Allioni C., 1785

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in river-bed and back-waters, along banks of stagnant reservoirs and in flooded rushes

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve; Volga delta; Ural delta; North-western Caspian; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

Magnoliopsida

6

Polygonaceae

Polygonum (Persicaria) amphibium

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

March-meadows hygro-mesophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

7

 

Rumex aquaticus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

March-meadows hygro-mesophyte

 

Nord-Western Caspian

 

8

Chenopodiaceae

Salicornia europaea

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Grows along damp saline lands, sores, seashores and shores of salt lakes

Widespread

Transition zone of North-Eastern Caspian

 

9

Nelumbonaceae

Nelumbo nucifera
(Synonym: Nelumbium caspicum Fisch.)

Gaertner, 1788

 

Hydrophyte. In shallow lakes of former riverbeds, in well-warming up water on silt-sandy and muddy bottom

Rare

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian; kultuk zone of Volga delta

Listed in the Red Data Book of Kazakhstan and Russia (2005)

10

Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaea alba

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in former river-bed, in reach and ponds

Commonly

Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

11

 

Nymphaea candida

Presl C. (K.) B., 1822

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in lakes, in rivers, in river deltas, often with forming thickets

Commonly species in Russia, rare in Kazakhstan

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

Listed in the Red Data Book Kazakhstan

12

 

Nymphaea tetragona

Georgi 1775

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in lakes and river-bed

Rare

Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

13

 

Nuphar lutea

(Linne v. Carl) Smith, 1809

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in lakes,in rivers, in former riverbeds, often with forming thickets

Commonly

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

14

 

Nuphar pumila

(Timm.) DC. 1821

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in lakes, river-bed, ponds and reach of river

Rare

Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

15

Ceratophyllaceae

Ceratophyllum demersum

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in freshwater reservoirs with stagnant or low-flowing water

Widespread

Coastal shallow waters of North-Eastern, Eastern and southern zone Western Caspian; Volga delta and avandelta

 

16

 

Ceratophyllum submersum

Linne v. Carl, 1763

 

Hydrophyte. Grows on lakes and rivers

Widespread

Coastal shallow waters of North Eastern Caspian; Volga delta

 

17

 

Ceratophyllum tanaiticum

Sapjegin, 1902

 

Hydrophyte. Crows in shallow brackishwater reservoirs

Rare

Volga delta

Listed in the Red Data Book of Astrachan region

18

Ranunculaceae

Batrachium trichophyllum
(Synonym: Batrachium divaricatum Paula v. Schrank F. 1866)

(Chaix ex Villars) Bosch 1850

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant and low-flowing waters, on wet dirt of temporarily intermittent reservoirs

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian

 

19

 

Batrachium eradicatum

(Laest.) Fr., 1843

 

Submersed hydrophyte

 

Volga avandelta

 

20

Batrachium foeniculaceum

I.E. Zhilibert, 1937

 

Hydrophyte. Grows on reservoirs with low-flowing water

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian

 

21

 

Batrachium rionii

(Lagger) Nyman 1852

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in temporarily suitable conditions kultuks and ilmens

 

Volga delta

 

22

Droseriaceae

Aldrovanda vesiculosa

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in thickets of helophytes: reeds and reed mace

Rare

Volga delta

Listed in the Red Data Book of Astrachan region

23

Elatinaceae

Elatine alsinastrum

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows on lakes, former river-bed, ponds, swamp and estuary of rivers

 

Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

24

 

Elatine hungarica

Moesz, 1908

 

Hydrophyte

 

Ural river lower

 

25

Lythraceae

Lythrum salicaria

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

March-meadows hygro-mesophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

26

Trapaceae

Trapa natans
(Synonym: Trapa astrachanica (Flerow) N.A.Winter)

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in coastal areas of lakes, backwaters, along the edges of reeds

Rare

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian and Ural Avandelta; Volga delta and avandelta; Reservoirs of Reservoirs of Caspian depression

Listed in the Red Data Book of Russia and Kazachstan (2005)

27

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum spicatum

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in low-flowing waters, in bays, in former river- beds, in deep aryks, in drying swamps and lakes

Widespread

Locally, throughout the shallow water area of North - Eastern Caspian

 

28

 

Myriophyllum verticillatum

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant or low-flowing shallow reservoirs, along banks, edges of ponds and lakeshores, in freshwater, sometimes in brac kish water

Widespread

Locally, throughout the shallow water area of North - Eastern Caspian

 

29

Hippuridaceae

Hippuris vulgaris

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hygrohelophyte. Grows in stagnant or low-flowing shallow reservoirs

 

Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

30

Umbelliferae

Oenanthe aquatica

(Linne ) Poir., 1798

 

Meadows-march hygrophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

31

Menyanthaceae

Nymphoides peltata

(S.G.Gmel.) O.Kuntze 1891

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant water with a depth of 10-120 cm

Commonly

Volga delta and avandelta

 

32

Labiatae

Mentha aquatica

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

March-meadows hygrophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

33

Scrophulariaceae

Veronica anagallis-aquatica
(Synonym: Veronica anagallidiformis Boreau, 1857)

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hygrohelophyte. Grows on damp meadows, along riverbanks and brooks, sometimes in stagnant water, throughout distributed

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian

 

34

Lentibulariaceae

Utricularia vulgaris

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant or low-flowing shallow reservoirs

Rare

In coastal reservoirs nort-western part Volga delta

 

35

Asteraceae

Aster tripolium
(Synonym: Tripolium vulgare Nees v. Esenbeck, 1832)

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Grows on alkali lands and saline meadows

Widespread

Transition zone of North-Eastern Caspian, Nord-Western Caspian

 

36

 

Bidens tripartita

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

March-meadows hygro-mesophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

37

 

Inula caspica

Blume 1822

 

March-meadows hygro-mesophyte

     

38

 

* Pulicaria uliginosa
(Accepted: Pulicaria dysenterica (Linne ) Bernh. 1800)

Steven ex DC

 

March-meadows hygro-mesophyte. Grows in freshwater, temporary coastal reservoirs

Widespread

Coastal zone of Azerbaijan

 

Liliopsida

39

Typhaceae

Typha angustifolia

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Helophyte. Grows along banks, shores of lakes and swamps

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve; Volga delta 

 

40

 

Typha latifolia

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Helophyte. Grows along banks, lakes and swamps, shores and edges of aryks and pits

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve ; Volga delta

 

41

 

Typha laxmannii

Lepeshkin S.N., 1801

 

Helophyte. Grows along swamped damp shores and edges of swamps

 Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve; Ural-Emba interfluve: Volga delta 

 

42

 

Typha minima

Funck H.C., 1794

 

Helophyte. Grows along banks, shores of lakes and swamps

 Widespread

 Ural-Volga interfluve

 

43

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium erectum
(Synonym: Sparganium polyedrum (Asch. & Graebn.) Juz.)

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Helophyte. Freshwater. Grows along banks, shores of lakes, ponds, former river-bed and estuary of river

commonly

Caspium depression; Volga delta; Nort-Western Caspian; Azerbaijan

 

44

 

Sparganium neglectum

Beeby

 

Helophyte

 

Azerbaijan

 

45

 

Sparganium stoloniferum

Buchanan F., 1832

 

Helophyte. Grows along banks, shores of lakes and water reservoirs

Widespread 

 Ural-Volga interfluve

 

46

Potamogetonaceae

Potamogeton crispus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant or slow-flowing freshwater and brackish waters of lakes, river backwater, sea bays, and reservoirs

Widespread

Volga delta and avandelta, Ural-Volga interfluve and middle and southern parts Western Caspian

 

47

 

Potamogeton filiformis

Pers., 1805

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in freshwater and brackish waters of lakes, river backwater, sea bays, and reservoirs

 

Ural-Emba interfluve; Volga delta; North-western Caspian

 

48

 

Potamogeton x fluitans

Roth

 

Hydrophyte

Rare

Volga delta

 

49

 

Potamogeton gramineus
(Synonym: Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb.)

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in river and ponds

 

Middle zone abovewater of Volga delta

 

50

 

Potamogeton lucens

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in rivers, ponds, lakes, and water reservoirs

 

Volga delta

 

51

 

Potamogeton macrocarpus

Dobroch., 1951

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in freshwater and brackish water lakes

Widespread

In the coastal area of North-Eastern Caspian

 

52

 

Potamogeton natans

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in rivers, ponds, lakes, and water reservoirs

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve, abovwater part of the Volga delta

 

53

 

Potamogeton obtusifolius (obtusifolium)

Mert. & W.D.J.Koch 1823

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant or slow-flowing freshwater of ponds and reservoirs

Rare

Volga delta

 

54

 

Potamogeton pectinatus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in bays of the Sea, rivers, lakes, freshwater, brackish and salt waters at a depth of 20-30 cm to 5-6 m

Widespread

Locally all over the shallow water area of North-Eastern and middle and southern parts of Eastern and Western Caspian; Volga delta

 

55

 

Potamogeton perfoliatus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in rivers, in lakes, backwaters and former riverbeds, saltwater resist (up to 10%î)

Widespread

In the coastal zone of North-Eastern Caspian, Volga delta

 

56

Potamogeton pusillus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Freshwater, grows in shallow water on clay-sandy grounds

Rare

Volga avandelta

 

57

Ruppiaceae

Ruppia spiralis

Linne ex Dumort. 1827

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in sea bays, in lakes with brackish and salt water, on sandy and shell-sandy grounds

Widespread

In the eastern part of North-Eastern Caspian; in the southern and middle area of Eastern Caspian

 

58

 

Ruppia maritima

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in sea bays, in lakes in ilmens with brackish and salt water, on sandy and shell-sandy grounds

 

Ural-Emba interfluve; North-Eastern, Eastern and Western Caspian

 

59

Zannichelliaceae

Zannichellia major

(Hartm.) Boenn. ex Rchb., 1829

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in brackish and freshwaters, in sea bays, lakes

Widespread

 Ural-Volga interfluve

 

60

 

Zannichellia palustris

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in freshwater and brackish waters of sea bays, in lakes, in ilmens and rivers

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve; Ural delta

 

61

 

Zannichellia pedunculata

Reichenbac h, H. Gottlieb L., 1829

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in sea bays, in lakes, in rivers, in brackish and freshwater, often like weeds in rice fields

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve

 

62

Zosteraceae

Zostera noltii
(Synonym: Z. minor Nolte ex Rchb.; Z. nana Roth; Z. marina (Cavolini F.) Nolte)

Hornem., 1832

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in sea at a depth of 1-2 up to 89(18)m, on sandy grounds, forming large bushes

Widespread

Locally all over the water area of Eastern, North-Eastern, Northern and Western Caspian

 

63

Najadaceae

Caulinia minor
(Synonym: Najas minor All.)

(All.) Coss. et Germ. 1773

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in fresh and brackish water, in shallow and stagnant water on sand ans clay-sandy ground

Commonly

Volga avandelta; Ural-Emba interfluve; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

64

 

Najas marina

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in rivers, in lakes, in sea bays, in brackish and freshwaters, at a depth of 10 cm up to 4-5 m

Rare

In the eastern area of North-Eastern Caspian. In the southern, middle and north area of Eastern Caspian; Volga delta and avandelta; Ural-Emba interfluve; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

65

Alismataceae

Alisma gramineum
(Synonym: Alisma loeselii Gorski)

Lej. 1811

 

Grows along the sides of various reservoirs with brackish water

 

Ural-Volga interfluve, Nord-Western Caspian

 

66

 

Alisma lanceolatum (lanceolata)

Wither., 1796

 

Grows along the sides of various reservoirs

Rare

Ural-Volga interfluve

 

67

 

Alisma plantago-aquatica

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Grows along the sides of various reservoirs

Widespread

 Ural-Volga interfluve

 

68

 

Damasonium alisma

Mill., 1768

 

Grows along the sides of estuary of river and marshes

rare

 Ural-Volga interfluve

 

69

Sagittaria sagittifolia

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Helophyte. Grows along banks of stagnant or low flowing reservoirs

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve; Volga delta

 

70

Butomaceae

Butomus umbellatus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Helophyte. Grows in stagnant or low-flowing shallow reservoirs and estuary rivers

Commonly

Ural-Volga interfluve, Ural Delta; Volga delta; Reservoirs of Caspian depression, Nord-Western Caspian

 

71

Hydrocharitaceae

Elodea canadensis

Michx., 1771

North America

Hydrophyte. Freshwater. Grows in stagnant and low-flowing waters, in ponds, in river backwaters, in former river-beds, in channels and others

Invader

Ural-Volga interfluve; Volga delta

 

72

 

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Freshwater. Grows in stagnant and low-flowing waters, former riverbeds, and lakes, often in thickets of rigid vegetation: reeds, reed mace

Commonly

Ural-Volga interfluve; Reservoirs of Caspian depression; Volga delta;

 

73

 

Vallisneria spiralis

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in sea bays, in shallows (up to 1,5 m), in brackish and fresh waters

Commonly

In the eastern area of North-Eastern Caspian; Volga delta; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

74

Gramineae

Agrostis stolonifera

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hygro-helophyte. Grows in reservoirs with stagned water

Rare

Volga delta

 

75

Catabrosa aquatica

(Linne ) P.Beauv., 1812

 

Grows on damp me adows, near brooks of damp saline-land, often in water

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve

 

76

 

Phalaroides arundinacea

(Linne ) Rauschhert

 

Hygrophyte. Grows along banks shores of lakes and brooks, on damp meadows.,

Widespread

Coastal zone of islands of the North-Eastern Caspian; abovewater part of the Volga delta

 

77

 

Phragmites australis

(Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., 1841

 

Helophyte. Grows in the estuaries of rivers, forming thickets, along lakeshores, brooks and aryks, on water meadows, in depressions between hilly sands and as weeds on irrigation lands

Widespread

Occurs fragmentary throughout the wholle territory of delta and avandelta all the rivers, the lagest areas lie in the kultuk of the Volga delta

 

78

Cyperaceae

Carex acuta

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Higro-helophyte, soil weakly saline, flooding

 

Island part of the Volga delta

 

79

 

Carex acutiformis

Ehrh., 1789

 

Higro-helophyte

 

kultuk and island part of the Volga delta

 

80

 

Eleocharis palustris

(Linne ) Roem. & Schult. 1817

 

Meadows-march hygro-mesophyte, shallow part of ponds and lakes

 

Nord-Western Caspian

 

81

 

Eleocharis (Heleoharis) parvula

(Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer 1836

 

Grows on saline lands, along seashores and bottoms of dry firths. Meadows-march halophyte

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern and Nord-Western Caspian

 

82

 

Eleocharis (Heleoharis) acicularis

(Linne ) Roem. & Schult. 1817

 

Hygro-mesophyte, grows in temporary reservoirs

 

Ural-Emba interfluve

 

83

 

Scirpus lacustris

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Helophyte. Grows along the banks of reservoirs, in water, rare in grass-swamps and swampy meadow

Widespread

Throughout the rush zone of North-Eastern Caspian

 

84

 

Scirpus (Schoenoplectus) litoralis

Schrad. 1806

 

Helophyte. Grows on damp meadows

 

Coastal zone of Azerbaijan

 

85

 

Scirpus (Schoenoplectus) tabernaemontani
(Synonym: Scirpus lacustris L. subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Syme 1870)

C.C.Gmel., 1805

 

Helophyte. Grows in brackish water and along damp shores of lakes and riverbanks

Widespread

Throughout the rush zone of North-Eastern, Nord-Western and Western Caspian; Ural-Emba interfluve

 

86

 

Scirpus triqueter

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hygro-helophyte. Grows in shallow rivers and eriks with flowing water and silty bottom

 

Southern part of the Western substeppe ilmens region and middle zone of the abovewater of Volga delta

 

87

 

Bolboschoenus (Scirpus) maritimus
(Synonym: Bolboschoenus compactus (Hoffm.) Drobow )

(Linne v. Carl) Palla E., 1905

 

Hygro-helophyte. Grows on damp meadows, grass-swamps and along the shores of reservoirs, along riverbanks and aryk’s edges, often on salt lands

Widespread

Throughout the rush zone of North-Eastern Caspian; Volga delta and avandelta

 

88

 

Bolboschoenus popovii

T.V.Egorova

 

Hygro-helophyte. Grows on swampy meadows, along the shores of reservoirs and aryk’s edges, mainly on salt grounds

Widespread

Throughout the rush zone of North-Eastern Caspian; ilmens of the Volga delta

 

89

Araceae

Acorus calamus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

South-Western Asia

Hygro-helophyte. Grows in shallow eriks and melioration channels

Invader

Coastal zone of middle part of the abovewater Volga delta

 

90

Lemnaceae

Lemna gibba

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in old channal, the depth 80-100 cm

 

Eastern part of the abovewater of Volga delta

 

91

 

Lemna minor

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Freshwater. Grows in water reservoirs in large numbers

Widespread

Reservoirs of North-Eastern, Nord-Western, Western Caspian and Caspian depression

 

92

 

Lemna trisulca

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Hydrophyte. Freshwater. Grows in stagnant or low-flowing reservoirs, often in large numbers

Widespread

Ural-Volga interfluve of North-Eastern Caspian; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

93

 

Spirodela polyrhiza

(Linne ) Schleid. 1839

 

Hydrophyte. Grows in stagnant or low-flowing reservoirs, often in large numbers

Widespread

Volga delta; Reservoirs of Caspian depression

 

94

Juncaceae

Juncus articulatus

Linne v. Carl, 1753

 

Meadows-march hygrophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

95

 

Juncus gerardii

Loisel. 1809

 

March-meadows hygrophyte

 

Coastal zone of Nord-Western Caspian

 

96

 

Juncus maritimus

Lam. 1789

 

Grows in the coastal pereodically inundated meadow

 

Coastal zone of Azerbaijan

 

97

 

Juncus litoralis

C.F.Mey

 

Grows in the coastal pereodically inundated meadow, soil saline

 

Coastal zone of Azerbaijan