Онтогенез, морфология и высшая классификация археококцид (Homoptera: Coccinea: Orthezioidea)

Ontogenesis, morphology and higher classification of archaeococcids (Homoptera: Coccinea: Orthezioidea)

И.А. Гаврилов-Зимин

I.A. Gavrilov-Zimin

Резюме. В монографии рассматриваются оригинальные и литературные данные по репродуктивной биологии, жизненным циклам, индивидуальному развитию и морфологии кокцид надсемейства Orthezioidea (археококциды). Система археококцид принимается в традиционной трактовке, то есть с четырьмя хорошо обособленными семействами: Margarodidae s. l., Ortheziidae, Carayonemidae и Phenacoleachiidae. Триба Matsucoccini (Margarodidae s. l.: Xylococcinae s. l.) рассматривается как наиболее архаичная группа кокцид на основе ее морфологических, репродуктивных и онтогенетических признаков. Усложненный онтогенез с чередованием подвижных/неподвижных стадий и непитающимися имаго обоих полов (как у Matsucoccus Cockerell, 1909 и многих других представителей Margarodidae s. l.) предполагается исходным в эволюции кокцид и признается апоморфией подотряда Coccinea. Рассматривается распространенность различных вариантов яйцеживорождения/живорождения среди кокцид всех семейств. Показано, что в эволюции кокцид многократно происходили циклические переходы от яйцерождения к яйцеживорождению и истинному живорождению с попутным появлением все новых и новых оригинальных адаптаций к защите яиц и развивающихся эмбрионов. Древнейшие кокциды были, вероятно, факультативно яйцеживородящими, в то время как происхождение целой неококкоидной (Coccoidea) филогенетической линии было связано с полным облигатным яйцеживорождением, которое также появляется и у некоторых «продвинутых» археококцид из трибы Iceryini (Margarodidae s. l.) и семейств Phenacoleachiidae и Carayonemidae. В семействе Margarodidae s. l., в подсемействах Monophlebinae и Callipappinae s. l., сделаны некоторые таксономические изменения и дополнения по родовому составу триб. Новая триба Labioproctini tr. nov. (Monophlebinae) выделяется для шести родов, обладающих четырехячеистыми восковыми железами: Aspidoproctus Newstead, 1901, Hemaspidoproctus Morrison, 1927, Labioproctus Green, 1922, Lecaniodrosicha Takahashi, 1930, Misracoccus Rao, 1950 и Walkeriana Signoret, 1876. Наличие таких четырехячеистых пор принимается в качестве синапоморфного признака Labioproctini tr. nov. и Ortheziidae. Обсуждается спорное таксономическое положение семейства Xenococcidae Tang, 1992, которое также помещается здесь в Orthezioidea. На основе материала из ориентального региона, описываются и иллюстрируются новые рода и виды маргародид: Eremostoma klugei gen. et sp. nov., Crambostoma largecicatricosum gen. et sp. nov. (оба в Callipappinae s. l.: Coelostomidiini s. l.), Buchnericoccus reynei sp. nov. Monophlebus neglectus sp. nov. (оба в Monophlebinae: Monophlebini), Crypticerya ovivivipara sp. nov., Icerya oculicicatricata sp. nov., I. Siamensis sp. nov. (Monophlebinae: Iceryini).
Ключевые слова: жизненные циклы, репродуктивная биология, яйцеживорождение, живорождение, сравнительная морфология, кокциды, гигантские червецы, новые таксоны

Zoosystematica Rossica, 2018, Приложение 2: 1-260  ▪  Опубликовано в печати 31 мая 2018 г.


https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2018.supl.2.1  ▪  Открыть полную статью  

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