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New view on the relationships of Copepoda within Maxillopoda (Crustacea)

Ya.I. Starobogatov

Abstract. According to P.P. Ivanov, body somites are formed in two ways, by segmentation of the germinal bands and by the activity of the growth zone. The growth zone appears posterior to the 4th postantennualar somite and divides the body into 2 parts, the group of anterior protosomites (anterior to the growth zone) and the group of posterior protosomites (posterior to the growth zone). The somites formed by the growth zone (eusomites) are disposed between the anterior and posterior groups of protosomites. The precise position of the growth zone may be confirmed by the study of concentrations of mitoses. Sometimes one may determine the position of the growth zone by the loss of at least one eusomite and its limbs behind the anterior protosomite and its limbs, or by a variability in the number of thoracic somites (as in Branchiopoda). The number of trunk somites may be reduced by halting early the segmentation of the hind part of the germinal bands and/or the activity of the growth zone. On the basis of the number of trunk somites, Maxillopoda are usually subdivided into 2 groups. The first group have 22 trunk somites including the telson: Copepoda, Ascothoracida, Mystacocarida, Skaracarida (Skara as an exception with 12 trunk somites), Facetotecta with no more than 10 trunk somites including the telson, and certain ostracodan groups (Myodocopida, Cylindroleberididae, Platycopida, Cytherellidae). The second group have only 4-7 trunk somites (including the telson): Branchiura, Cirripedia, and Podocopida among Ostracoda. Tantulocarida are very similar to Copepoda in the structure of adult males and tantulus larvae, differing only in secondary characters: fusion of 2 (not 1) somites with the cephalosome and fusion of urosomal somites posterior to genital one. The development of Mystacocarida (a representative of the first group) demonstrates that the 1th-3rd trunk somites are formed by the growth zone. The coincidence in the number of trunk somites among most members of the first group leads me to conclude that 3 eusomites are present in all taxa of that group. Development in Cirripedia and Branchiura demonstrates the absence of eusomites inasmuch as all the definitive somites appear simultaneously during the molt to the cypris larva. The incomplete homology of trunk somites together with other characters leads me to regard these 2 groups as the classes Ascothoraciodes and Halicyniodes in the recently proposed classification of the Crustacea (Starobogatov, 1988); these names have priority over other ones. This does not exclude the hypothesis of a common ancestor for both of the above-mentioned classes, nor for the Crustacea as a whole.

Zoosystematica Rossica, 2000, 9(2): 285–294 ▪ Опубликовано в печати 15 июня 2001 г.

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