A review of the family Ceramonematidae (marine free-living nematodes), with descriptions of nine species from the White Sea

A.V. Tchesunov & M.A. Miljutina

Abstract. Morphology, biology and taxonomy of the nematode family Ceramonematidae Cobb, 1933 are summarised and reviewed. Plesiomorph-apomorph polarities of cuticle sculpture, cephalic sensilla pattern, amphid shape are revealed with use of the out-group comparison and ontogenetic observations. The genera Ceramonema and Pselionema are distinguished by the most apomorph character states; both genera combined comprise the greatest number of species, of the widest overall ecological range. The other ceramonematid genera display more plesiomorph character states and contain much less speces; these are strictly confined to coars sand. Ceramonematidae are related to the families Diplopeltoididae sensu Tchesunov (1990) and Tarvaiidae. The family Ceramonematidae consists of two subfamilies: Ceramonematidae with the genera Ceramonema (= Ceramonemoides, = Cyttaronema), Dasynemella (=Leptodasynemella), Dasynemoides (=Dasynemelloides), Metadasynemella (=Dictyonemella), and Metadasynemoides, and Pselionematinae with the genera Pterygonema and Pselionema (= Pselionemoides). Modified diagnoses of the family, subfamilies and genera are given. Separation of higher ceramonematid taxa is based largely on features of body cuticle annulation as well as on anterior sensilla pattern, while cephalic ratio and finer details of body annulation are important for species discriminaton. Annotated lists of species are given for each genus. The genus Ceramonema is subdivided into two subgenera, Ceramonema s. str. (body cuticular annules with zygapophyses) and Proceramonema subg. n. (body annules devoid of zygapophyses). New species from the With Sea (Ceramonema fluctuosum sp. n., C. marisalbi sp. n., C. mokievskii sp. n., Dasynemoides crassus sp. n., Metadasynemoides labiatus sp. n., Pselionema concinnum sp. n., P. mirabile sp. n.) are described. Dasynemella riemanni Haspeslagh is recorded for the first time the With Sea. The description of Pselionema simplex De Coninck from the White Sea is supplemented with notes on juveniles.

Zoosystematica Rossica, 2002, 11(1): 3–39 ▪ Published in print 25 December 2002

https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2002.11.1.3 ▪ Open full article

References

Andrássy, I. 1973. Nematoden aus Strand- und Hohlenbiotopen von Kuba. Acta zoo!. Acad. Sci. hung. 19: 233-270.

Andrássy, I. 1976. Evolution as a basis for the systematisation of nematodes. 288 pp. London: Pitman Pub]. Ltd.

Blome, D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens, 86: 1-194.

Bouwman, L.A. 1981. A survey of nematodes from the Ems Estuary. Part I: Systematics. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Okol. Geogr. Tiere, 108: 335-385.

Chitwood, B.G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proc. helminthol. Soc. Washington, 3: 1-16.

Chitwood, B.G. 1951. North American marine nematodes. Texas J. Sci., 3: 617-672. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01343397

Chitwood, B.G & Chitwood, M.B. 1950. An introduction to nematology. 213 pp. Baltimore, USA: Monumental Printing Co.

Cobb, N.A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contrib. Sci. Nematol. (Baltimore), 9: 217-343.

De Coninck, L.A. 1942. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de Nematodes libres (Ceramonematinae Cobb, 1933), avec quelques remarques de systematique. Bull. Mus. roy. Hist. natur. Belg., 18(22): 1-37.

De Coninck, L.A. 1965. Classe des Nematodes - Systematique des Nematodes et sous-classe des Adenophorea. In: Grasse (ed.). Traite de Zoologie, 4(2): 586-681.

Filipjev, I.N. 1922. Encore sur Jes Nematodes de la Mer Noire. Trudy stavropol. selskokhoz. Inst., 1: 83-184.

Filipjev, I.N. 1934. The classification of the free-living nematodes and their relation to the parasitic nematodes. Smithsonian misc. Collect., 89(6): 1-63.

Furstenberg J.P. & Vincx, M. 1993. Five new species of the family Ceramonematidae (Nematoda: order Chromadorida) from South Africa. Nematologica, 39: 139-152. https://doi.org/10.1163/187529293X00132

Gerlach, S.A. 1950. Die Diplopeltiden, eine Gruppe freilebender Nematoden. Kieler Meeresforsch. 7: 138-156.

Gerlach, S.A. 1952. Nematoden aus dem Küstengrundwasser. Akad. Wiss. Lit. Mainz. Abhandl. math.naturw. Kl., 6: 315-372.

Gerlach, S.A. 1953. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des Sandstrandes und des Küstengrundwassers an der italienischen Küste. I. Systematischer Teil. Arch. zool. ital., 37: 517-640.

Gerlach, S.A. 1954. Nematodes marins librcs des eaux souterraines littorales de Tunisie et d' Algerie. Vie et Milieu, 4: 221-237.

Gerlach, S.A. 1956a. Diagnosen neuer Nematoden aus der Kieler Buehl. Kieler Meeresforsch., 12: 85-109.

Gerlach, S.A. 1956b. Neue Nematoden aus dem Küstengrundwasser des Golfes de Gascogne (Biskaya). Vie et Milieu, 6: 426-434.

Gerlach, S.A. 1957. Die Nematodenfauna des Sandstrandes an der Kilste von Mittelbrasilien (Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden IV). Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 33(2): 411-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830330206

Gerlach, S.A. 1963. Freilebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforsch., 18: 67-103.

Gerlach S.A. & Riemann, F. 1973. The Bremerhaven checklist of aquatic nematodes. A catalogue of Nematoda Adenophorea excluding the Dorylaimida. Veroffentl. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven, suppl. 4: 1-404.

Haspeslagh, G. 1973. Superfamille des Ceramonematoidea (Cobb, 1933) (Nematoda), evolution et systematique. Ann. Soc. ray. zoo[. Belg., 102(4): 235-251.

Haspeslagh, G. 1979. Superfamily Ceramonematoidea (Cobb, 1933). General morphology. Ann. Soc. rov. zool. Belg., 108(1-2): 265-272.

Heip, C., Vincx, M. & Vranken, G 1985. The ecology of marine nematodes. Oceanography and Marine Biology. Annual Review. London, 23: 399-489.

Hopper, B.E. 1973. Free-living marine nematodes from Biscayne Bay, Florida. VI. Ceranonematidae: Systematics of Pselionema annulatum var. beauforti Chitwood, 1936, and a note on the production and transport of an egg capsule. Proc. helminthol. Soc. Washington, 40(2): 265-272.

Inglis, G. 1983. An outline classification of the phylum Nematoda. Austral. J. Zool., 31: 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9830243

Litvaitis, M.K., Bates, J.W., Hope, W.D. & Moens, T. 2000. Inferring a classification of the Adenophorea (Nematoda) from nucleotide sequences of the D3 expansion segment (26/28S rDNA). Canad. J. Zool., 78: 911-922. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-78-6-911

Lorenzen, S. 1981. Entwurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veröffentl. Inst. Meeresforsch. Bremerhaven, suppl. 7: 1-472.

Lorenzen, S. 2000. The role of the biogenetic convergence rule in polarizing transformation series - arguments from nematology, chaos science, and phylogenetic systematics. Ann. zool. (Warszawa), 50(2): 267-275.

Malakhov, V.V. 1994. Nematodes. Structure, development, classification and phylogeny. 286 pp. Washington: Smithsonian Inst. Press.

Maggenti, A.R. 1979. The role of cuticular strata nomenclature in the systematics of Nemata. J. Nematol., 11(1): 94-98.

Nicholas, W.L. & Stewart, A.C. 1990. Structure of the cuticle of Metadasynemoides cristatus (Chromadorida: Ceramonematidae). J. Nematol., 22(3): 247-261.

Nichols, J.A. & Musselman, M.R. 1979. Free-living manne Nematodes from sandy sediments off the coast of Peru. Cah. Biol. mar., 20: 449-459.

Platt, H.M. & Warwick, R.M. 1988. Free-living marine nematodes. Part II. British Chromadorids. Pictorial keys to world genera and notes for the identi fication of British species. Synopses of the British Fauna, 38. 502 pp. Leiden, New York.

Platt, H.M. & Zhang, Z.N. 1982. New species of marine nematodes from Loch Ewe, Scotland. Bull. Brit. Mus. (natur. Hist.), Zool., 42: 227-246.

Riemann, F. 1966. Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Ästuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Arch. Hydrobiol., suppl. 31 (Elbe-Ästuar III): 1-279.

Schulz, E. 1938. Beitrage zur Morphologie und Systematik freilebender mariner Nematoden. I. Kieler Meeresforsch., 3: 114-121.

Schuurmans Stekhoven, J.H. 1942. The free-living nematodes of the Mediterranean. II. The Camargue. Zool. Meded. (Leiden), 23: 229-262.

Stewart, A.C. & Nicholas, W.L. 1992. Structure of the cuticle of Ceramonema carinatum (Chromadorida: Ceramonematidae). J. Nematol., 24(4): 560-570.

Stewart, A.C. & Nicholas, W.L. 1994. Fine structure of the head and cervical region of Ceramonema carinatum (Chromadorida: Ceramonematidae). J. Nematol., 26(2): 188-211.

Tchesunov, A.V. 1990. A critical analysis of the family Aegialoalaemidae (Nematoda, Chromadoria), trends in evolutionary development of marine nematode pharynx and a proposal of two new families. Zool. Zh., 69(8): 5-18. (In Russian, English summary).

Tchesunov, A.V. 1993. Notes on the family Tubolaimoididae Lorenzen, 1981 (Nematoda: Chromadoria) with a description of Chitwoodia tenuipharyngealis sp. n. Russ. J. Nematol., 1(2): 121-128.

Tchesunov, A.V. 1995. Taxonomy, morphology and ultrastructure of the free-living marine nematode Pselionema simplex De Coninck, 1942 (Chromadoria: Ceramonematidae). Russ. J. Nematol., 3(2): 117-130.

Tchesunov, A.V., Malakhov, V.V. & Yushin, V.V. 1996. Comparative morphology and evolution of the cuticle in marine nematodes. Russ. J. Nematol., 4(1): 43-50.

Timm, R.W. 1961. The marine nematodes of the Bay of Bengal. Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci., 1: 1-88.

Vitiello, P. 1971. Nematodes nouveaux des vases terrigi: nes cotieres des cotes provençales. Tethys, 2: 859-876.

Vitiello, P. 1974. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de Ceramonematidae (Nematoda) de Mediterranee occidentale. Bull. Soc. zool. France, 98(4): 547-556.

Vitiello, P. & Haspeslagh, G. 1972. Ceramonematidae (Nematoda) de fonds vaseux profonds de Mediterranee. Bull. Inst. ray. Sci. natur. Belg., 48(4): 1-14.

Ward, A.R. 1973. A new species of Pterygonema (Nematoda: Ceramonematoidea) from sublittoral sand in Liverpool Bay. Mar. Biol., 19: 204-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02097139

Ward, A.R. 1974. Three new species of free-living marine nematodes from sublittoral sediments in Liverpool Bay. Mar. Biol., 24: 93-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402852

Warwick, W.M. & Platt, H.M. 1973. New and little known marine nematodes from a Scottish sandy beach. Cah. Biol. mar., 14: 135-158.

Wieser, W. 1959a. Free-living nematodes and other small invertebrates of Puget Sound beaches. 179 pp. Seattle (Univ. Washington Press).

Wieser, W. 1959b. Free-living marine nematodes IV. General part. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F Avd. 2, 55(5): 1-111.

Zhang, Z.N. 1983. Three new species of free-living marine nematodes from a sub littoral station in Firemore Bay, Scotland. Cah. Biol. mar., 24: 219-229.

Volume, Year: