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Year 2015, Volume 49, Issue 5
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Transformations of life cycles in the evolutionary history of trypanosomatidae. Exotransformations. P. 313-338.
The present review is devoted to the analysis of exotransformations of life cycles in the evolutionary history of trypanosomatids (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae). Exotransformations are treated as processes associated with the transition of a trypanosomatid to a new host. The result of these transformations comprises both the inclusion of new hosts in life cycles of parasites and also epy formation of parasitic systems de novo. It is shown that exotransformations are one of the main modi in the evolution of trypanosomatids. Different examples of exotransformations of life cycle in all the taxonomie groups of Trypanosomatidae are given.
in Russian
Morphology and ultrastructure of two schistotaeniid cysticercoids (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from the haemocoele of the dragonfly larvae. P. 339-351.
Two cysticercoids, belonging to ascocercus type, namely euascocercus and multicercus, were found in haemocoele of dragonfly larvae of the genus Aeshna from the lakes of the Magadan Province. The cysticercoid of Schistotaenia srivastavai Raush, 1970 (euascocercus) is formed of the outer (exocyst) and inner (endocyst) envelopes, containing the scolex and larval strobila. The outer and inner surfaces of the exocyst are represented by the tegument covered with microvilli. The microvilli of the outer tegument are restricted by the surface layer, consisting of granular and fibrillar material, and possess different structures at different stages of post-embryonic development. The multicercus of Mircia shigini (Konyaev et Gulyaev, 2006) is able to multiply asexually by the endogenous budding. The daughters' individuals are formed in the envelope of the multicercus that represents the tegument bearing microvilli. These microvilli are also restricted by the surface layer. The morphology and development of each individual cysticercoid of the multicercus is similar to those of euascocercus. The production of a great amount of cysticercoids, and the presence of the surface layer resembling the laminated layer of Echinococcus, relates multicercus to hydatid cysts.
in Russian
Parasites of the common roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) under the impact of industrial pollution of a lake. P. 352-364.
The consequences of man-induced transformation of Lake Kostomukshskoe (tailings dump) related to increased mineralization and entry of highly dispersed dredge material not typical for northern lakes were studied using roach parasites as the example. It was found that the roach parasite fauna has been losing rare and scant parasite species of different taxonomic groups, mainly helminthes with an indirect life cycle. Common and dominant species of myxosporidians, monogeneans, trematodes of genera Diplostomum and Tylodelphys have been preserved. The chances of survival are higher for those parasites with direct life cycle. Also the parasite species whose larvae can actively penetrate the host have been survived. The species Ligula intestinalis, Philometra rishta, Psendocapillaria tomentosa had reported very rare. Fish are infected with these parasites by feeding of Copepoda and oligochaetes.
in Russian
Gallogenesis induced by eriophyoids (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea). P. 365-375.
Eriophyoid mites are a group of phytoparasites of high economic importance due to their ability to transmit phytopathogens and cause the development of various plant malformations including galls. Chemical compounds of mite saliva injected into plant cells and the reaction of the plant cell genome play the crucial role in the gall formation process. Various triggers specific to plant DNA (e.g. exogenous phytohormones) and pathogenic microbes may be the factors inducing the gallogenesis. The process of gall formation is a complex growth reaction induced in the epidermal cells. Mechanisms of the gallogenesis induced by eriophyoids are studied very insufficiently. The analysis of the available literary data shows that malformations caused by eriophyoids on plants significantly vary in shape, topography, and longevity and may have different etiologies. Differences in the shape of a gall depend, first of all, on the mite species; plants, however, demonstrate limited number of gall types. Clarified classification of galls induced by eriophyoid mites is proposed. A gradual program for future studies is represented.
in Russian
Ixodid ticks (Parasitiformes: Ixodidae) from small mammals in deforested boreal habitats in the Northern European Russia. P. 376-390.
Changes in the population density of two hard tick species, Ixodes (Exopalpiger) trianguliceps Birula, 1895 and Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930, were examined in 1998—2001, and in 2003—2004 near Gomselga Village (Kondopoga District, 62° 04' N, 33° 55' E) in central Karelia. Data on the abundance of ixodid ticks and the species composition of their hosts in 4 forest sites at different stages of post-felling regeneration (secondary succession), i. e. 7—14, 12—19, 25—32, and 80—87 after logging were obtained. I. persulcatus dominated, comprising 73% of the total tick number in samples. Regeneration of the forest resulted in fluctuations of the population density of two examined tick species: I. (Exopalpiger) trianguliceps (larvae 2.8—5.3; nymphs 1.5—2.2; adults 0—0.09) and I. persulcatus (larvae 4.3—10.6; nymphs 0.6—4.2).
in Russian