Архив выпусков

A possibility of the microsporidian spores transmission by the entomopathogenic nematodes, Neoaplectana agriotos, from diseased caterpillars of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. infected in advance with Microsporidia, Nosema mesnili (Paillot), and from diseased caterpillars of the cut-worm Agrotis segetum Schiff. infected at first with Microsporidia, Plistophora schubergi Zw., to healthy caterpillars of the same insect species was investigated. Microscopical analysis of the nematodes developed in diseased insects has indicated that they were infected with Microsporidia of their own hosts.

Larvae of Parascaris equorum were cultivated on model animals (guinea pigs) simultaneously with toxoplasms of RH strain and then were introduced intraperitoneally into white mice. In 4 from 5 experiments the authors succeeded in transmission of toxoplasms to white mice via larvae of nematodes.

Bloodsucking leeches are considered main hosts of trypanosomes and cryptobia parasitizing the blood of fishes. The author pointed to the necessity to verify the distinct species status and specificity of blood parasites described for different species of fishes. There was found a new way of reproduction of bloodsucking leeches earlier unknown for blood parasites of fishes.

Ectoparasites of Pungitius pungitius and Gasterosteus aculeatus die only during their hosts displacement from fresh to marine water of 26‰. Gradual changes in salinity of water cause the condition of paranecrosis, the duration of which depends on the degree of these changes, the frequency of their repetition, and the place of localization of the parasite. Parasitic gill protozoans are less resistant to changes in salinity since they are exposed to additional effect of salts, the excess of which is excreted from the organism through gills. Due to this reason gill parasites of Trichodina die from the saturated salt solution introduced into the fishes even if the latter remain to live in fresh water.

935 small mammals of 19 species from Transkarpathian region of the Ukraine were examined. Trematodes were found only in animals living in the foot-hill zone and in mountains. In all, 7 species of trematodes were found, of which one new genus and three new species — Soricitrema baeri gen. et sp. n. (fam. Troglotrematidae) are from kidneys of Sorex araneus and S. minutus; Lyperosomum soricis sp. n. (fam. Dicrocoeliidae) is from the liver of Sorex araneus and Pseudoleucochloridium rotundus sp. n. (fam. Вrachylaemidae) from the intestine of Sorex araneus. These species as well as Leucochloridium sp. (fam. Brachylaeidae) from the intestine of Sorex minutus are described.

Cetitrema foliiformis g. n., sp. n. (fam. Campulidae) from hepatic ducts of Bryde's whale is described. The trematode is a representative of a new species, new genus and new subfamily Cetitrematinae subf. nov. It differs from members of Campulinae in the absence of anterior diverticula of the intestine, bursa, cirrus and some other characters, and from trematodes of Nasitrematinae in having spermatheca, in the shape of testes, eggs and localization.

183 specimens of Cyclocoelum mutabile and 239 specimens of C. microstomum were studied. Some characters were established which show that both are distinct species. It was found that the main specific characters of these trematodes are the location of the genital pore and vitellarium in relation to the intestine. The length of the uterus and position of gonads should also be taken into consideration. These characters affect the structure of the intestinal arch. The latter can have the tapering (in C. mutabile) and obtuse shape (in C. microstomum).

Histological and histochemical studies of the fine structure of intestinal cells of Diplodiscus subclavatus have established that epithelial cells lining intestinal branches are specialized secretory cells. However, they do not undergo great morphological changes as those of the intestinal epithelium of the liver fluke. Their free ends bear microvilli which are supposed to take part in digestion processes.

The paper contains results of studies of free-living stages of the cattle parasite, Mecistocirrus digitatus, widely spread in the Far East of the USSR. Larvae are formed in eggs at a temperature of 18—25° during the first 2—3 days. At the end of the 3^rd or at the beginning of the 4^th day larvae leave egg's membrane and on the 5^th day they moult. In 11 or 12 days they moult for the second time and become invasional. Descriptions of the I^st—III^rd stage larvae are given.

6415 small mammals were examined and 36610 larvae of chiggers were collected from 8 different forest biotopes for 1961—1965. 4 species were found: Neotrombicula zachvatkini Schl. (82.2%), N. vulgaris Schl. (18.6%), N. pomeranzevi Schl. (0.03%), Laurentella latyshevi (Schl.) (0.17%). The changes in the infestation rate of rodents within different years and months and the distribution of larvae on rodents from various biotopes are studied.

A new species of mites from the nasal cavity of passerine birds of the genus Muscicapa — Ptilonyssus muscicapae sp. nov. is described. The species is close to P. motacillae Fain, 1956 but differs from the latter in the following characters: I. female has only 1 pygidial shield (in P. motacillae — 2); 2. posterolateral angles of the podosomal shield have 1 seta (in P. motacillae these setae are outside the shield); 3. ventral surface of the gnathosoma with 4 pairs of setae (in P. motacillae with 3 pairs).

2 species of ornithodorins were found in Mangyshlak peninsula: Ornithodoros tartakovskyi Ol. and O. coniceps Can. Most spread species was O. tartakovskyi. It is frequently encountered in burrows of rodents, crevices of rocks and caves. The ticks vary in their number and are most abundant in crevices of rocks.

A complex of factors affecting the host during the feeding of ticks, mainly the antigenic effect of parasite's saliva, caused immunal rearrangement of the immunal medium, sensibilization of tissues accompanied by the formation of antibodies. Interaction of saliva from subsequent series of parasites proceeded on the principle "antigen—antibody". In the places of insertion of parasite hypostome there were observed reactive changes in the skin tissues pathological in their nature. This caused the break in the conditions necessary for consumption of blood meal of ticks and changes in the qualitative content of food.

In order to create more economic rations various media for feeding larvae of flees (5 species) were tested. It was established that pelleting food concentrate No I, produced bv home industry, can serve the main organic component for rearing standard cultures of Ctenophthalmus orientalis Wagn. and Xenopsylla cheopis Roths., and with addition of blood albumin (1 : 1), for rearing Ceratophyllus fasciatus Bosc., C. consimilis Wagn. and Leptopsylla segnis Schonch.

Male terminalia of a mosquito which was preliminarily identified as Aedes (Ochlerotatus) thibaulti Dyar et Kuab is described. This species is spread in the south-east of the USA and hitherto has never been found in Palaearctic.

29 species of black flies were found in the Taimyr national district for 1965—1968, of which 12 species are bloodsuckers. Together with earlier-known species the fauna of the above territory comprises 37 species (see table). The authors obtained new data on the seasonal variability in the number of black flies, their daily activity rhythm and breeding places.

The paper contains the material on the distribution of Ornithomyia comosa from Riparia riparia and Hirundo rustica in the South Kazakhstan.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.

Summary is absent.